Lot Essay
Compare the chao fu of very similar design worn by the Qianlong Emperor in the commemorative portrait by Castiglione in the Palace Museum, Beijing, illustrated by Gary Dickinson and Linda Wrigglesworth, Imperial Wardrobe, London, 1990, p. 47, pl. 36 and cover. A slightly earlier version of this garment yoke in dark blue or black brocaded silk, is illustrated by John E. Vollmer in the Catalogue for the exhibition, Five Colors of the Universe, Symbolism in clothes and fabrics of the Ch'ing Dynasty (1644-1911), Edmonton Art Gallery, 7 November 1980 - 11 January 1981, p. 24.