Property from the Collection of GERTRUDE BERNOUDY
Property from the Collection of

Details
Property from the Collection of
GERTRUDE BERNOUDY

PAUL KLEE (1879-1940)

Diana
oil on canvas
31 1/2 x 23 5/8 in. (80 x 60 in.)
Painted in 1931
Provenance
Estate of the artist, Bern
Lily Klee, Bern (1940)
Nierendorf Gallery, New York (circa 1941)
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Clifford, Radnor, Pennsylvania (circa 1948)
Curt Valentin Gallery, New York
Acquired from the above by the late owner in 1955
Literature
Werkkatalog Klee, 1931, no. 287 (Y7)
K. Nierendorf, Paul Klee, Paintings, Watercolors 1913 to 1939, New York, 1941, no. 36 (illustrated)
M. Miller, Paul Klee, New York, 1946, p. 53 (illustrated)
A. Masson, Eulogy of Paul Klee, New York, 1950, n.p. (illustrated)
W. Grohmann, Paul Klee, London, 1954, pp. 284, 286 and 418,
no. 316 (illustrated in color, p. 279)
W. Grohmann, Paul Klee, New York, 1956, p. 20 (illustrated, p. 21)
J. Glaesemer, Paul Klee, The Colored Works in the Kunstmuseum Bern, Paintings, Colored Sheets, Pictures on Glass and Sculptures, Bern, 1979, p. 299 (illustrated, p. 342)
Exhibited
Los Angeles, Stendahl Art Galleries, Paul Klee, May, 1941, no. 79
Philadelphia, Museum of Art (on loan, 1948)
New York, Curt Valentin Gallery, Paul Klee, Sept.-Oct., 1953, no. 22 (illustrated)
New York, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Paul Klee 1879-1940 A Retrospective Exhibition, Feb.-April, 1967, p. 95, no. 121 (illustrated)
Sydney, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse, April-May, 1975, no. 50, pp. 190 and 265 (illustrated, p. 191). The exhibition traveled to Melbourne, National Gallery of Victoria, May-June, 1975 and New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Aug.-Sept., 1975.
New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Paul Klee, Feb.-May, 1987, no. 116 (illustrated in color, p. 256). The exhibition traveled to Cleveland, The Museum of Art, June-Aug., 1987 and Bern, Kunstmuseum, Sept., 1987 - Jan., 1988.

Lot Essay

Klee painted Diana in 1931, the year he terminated his contract with the Bauhaus, leaving Dessau and moving to Dusseldorf in April where he secured a teaching position at the academy. Using a divisionist or pointillist technique borrowed from the French Neo-Impressionists, Klee shifted further away from images of the real world to images derived from more poetic sources.

Klee, in his own way, makes use of colored
light as van Gogh and Seurat had done before
him. On a slightly differentiated ground he
places dots of varying color and intensity in
closely set rows and organizes this "field of
dots" by the use of intervals, through
relations between colors and planes, or by
graphic accents and symbols. Klee differs
from the Pointillists in that he does not
"split" his colors to achieve an effect of
greater luminosity nor does he arrange them
according to the law of "simultaneous contrasts,"
but works with rows of dots of the same color.
(W. Grohmann, 1954, op. cit., pp. 283-284)

Here, the mythical figure of queen Diana, the huntress or wood-spirit, materializes out of a network of intertwining lines set against a shimmering blue-green ground. The arrow along the top of the painting and the circular shape that she balances on at the bottom act as ciphers. In discussing this painting Grohmann writes:

The colored light here has the effect of a
"divinatory being," to quote a phrase by the
poet Novalis, and it is both a spiritual and
a physical phenomenon. The distinction
between "within" and "without" is no longer
valid, Diana is a fleeing, flying being, her
left foot touches a wheel; the figure is a
structure composed of fluttering forms, the
tiny head is of little importance. More
important is the arrow which denotes movement,
seeing, and apparently also hunting. The
dominant, nocturnal green is Diana's home,
she moves on it like a planet, for she is,
among other things, a moon goddess.
(W. Grohmann, Paul Klee, New York, 1956,
p. 20)

Previous owners of this painting were Curt Valentin and Karl Nierendorf, both ex-Berliners. They along with J.B. Neumann and Galka Scheyer left Germany because of the war emigrating to the United States where they promoted Klee's work and were instrumental in exposing it to a wider audience.