Charles X (1757-1836) was called comte d'Artois and later Monsieur before succeeding his brother Louis XVIII (see lots 247 and 259) as King of France in 1824; he had to abdicate in 1830. A son of the Dauphin Louis and his wife Marie-Josèphe of Saxony (see lot 168), he also was the brother of King Louis XVI and of the ill-fated Madame Élisabeth. In 1773, he was married to Maria-Teresa of Savoy (see lot 169) with whom he had the Dukes of Angoulême and of Berry (see lot 258).
This miniature is after Daniel Saint (for two similar portraits of Charles X by Saint, see Pierrette Jean-Richard, Miniatures sur ivoire. Musée du Louvre. Musée d'Orsay, Paris, 1994, nrs 567 and 568, illustr. p. 312).