A MASSIVE GOLD AND SILVER INLAID BRASS BOWL

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A MASSIVE GOLD AND SILVER INLAID BRASS BOWL
PROBABLY MADE FOR A FOLLOWER OF SULTAN SALAH AL-DIN SALIH IBN NASIR MALIK AL-SALIH
MAMLUK EGYPT OR SYRIA, CIRCA 1351-54 AD

With shallowly rounded base sharply curving to the sloping sides with triangular section rim, the sloping sides engraved and originally inlaid with silver and gold forming a massive Mamluk thuluth honorific inscription on a ground of scrolling vine and perching birds, interrupted at intervals by roundels formed of inverted gold honorific calligraphy around a rosette and with a flowering vine border, a band above and below of linked cartouches containing fleeting animals, including elephants and unicorn, flowering vine interlace and divided by confronted bird roundels, a band of interlaced arcading below, the upper part of the rim with a band of birds, the interior with an arrangement of seven small circles surrounded by fish all within a radiating disc, almost all inscription inlay now missing, portions of the floral and animal inlay still remaining, decoration still crisp
24¼in. (61.5cm.) wide at mouth

Lot Essay

The main inscription reads: "al-maqarr al-karim al-'ali al-mawlawi al-maliki al-amiri al-kabiri al-'alimi al-'amili al-'adili al-mujahidi al-murabiti al-muthaghiri al-mu'ayyadi al-dhakhiri al-'awni al-hamami al-maliki al-salihi" His excellency the noble, the lofty, the lordly, the royal, the great amir, the wise, the efficient, the just, champion (of Islam), defender of the faith, guardian of the frontiers, supported by God, upholder of the needy, the heroic, servant of al-Malik al-Salih.

The inscriptions contained in the roundels read: "al-maqarr al-karim al-'ali al-mawlawi al-maliki al-'alimi al-'amili" His excellency the noble, the elevated, the lordly, the royal, the wise, the efficient.

Bowls of this shape are quite common in Mamluk metalwork. The dimensions of this bowl, however, are exceptional. With its gold and silver inlay, traces of which can be found particularly in the roundels, it must have been intended for a noble household of great wealth.

The two framing bands are decorated with animals of the chase including the rarely represented elephant and unicorn. Other examples of the latter occur on a 13th century Persian lustre tile in the Museum für Islamische Kunst, Berlin (see Ettinghausen, R.: Studies in Muslim Iconography: The Unicorn, Washington, 1950, pl. 18 upper), a mid-13th century Syrian silver inlaid plate in the State Hermitage, St. Petersburg (Ettinghausen, R.: op.cit., pl. 18 middle), a small bowl made for Sultan al-Malik al-Nasir Muhammad b. Qala'un sold in these Rooms (11 October 1988, lot 370) and now in the Khalili Collection, and the Syrian 13th century Baptistère de St. Louis (Ettingahusen, R.: op.cit., pl. 19 upper, amongst many other publications).

The official commemorated in the inscription was in the service of al-Malik al-Salih. Three sultans of the Bahri Mamluks bore this title (or epithet):
'Imad al-Din Isma'il (reigned 1342-1345 AD)
Salah al-Din Salih (reigned 1351-1354 AD)
Salah al-Din Hajji ibn Sha'ban (reigned 1381, 1389-90 AD)

The official could have been the Mamluk of either of the first two who both were sons of al-Malik al-Nasir.

A Metallurgical analysis of this bowl, performed by Dr Peter Northover of the Department of Materials, Oxford, sample no. R763 confirms the proposed dating

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