A TURKISH HELMET (CHICHAK) with hemi-spherical skull of one-piece encircled by a broad band of vertical flutes rising to a later domed finial, and fitted with plume-holder, peak of one piece attached by rivets and pierced for the adjustable nasal, ear-pieces each of three riveted plates retained by leathers, the central plates each embossed with a pierced kite-shaped panel, and later separate pointed neck-guard retained by chains (damaged and repaired throughout), 16th Century