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The cranial nerves
signed Emil Kotschi, Leipzig. The top half of the skull has been taken off so that one half of the cerebrum (1) is exposed. 2. The cerebellum, cross-sectioned, with arbor vitae. 3. The corpus callosum. 4. The pineal gland. 5. The medulla oblongata. 6. The pituitary gland. 7. The top of the spinal chord. 8. Cranial cavity. 9. Posterior cerebral artery. 10. The sphenoid bone. 11. Maxillae. 12. Mandible. 13. The hyoid bone. 14. The arytenoid cartilages and 15. The cricoid cartilage of the larynx. 16. The thyroid gland. Next, the cranial nerves. These emerge in pairs, one on the left and one on the right side, which is why they are also referred to as the 12 nerve pairs. This model shows the right half of these nerves in their origin and path. 17. The olfactory nerve (nervus olfactorius). 18. The optic nerve (nervus opticus). 19. The oculomotor nerve (nervus occulomotorius) of the three rectus muscles of the eye, the superior (20), medial (21), inferior (22) rectus, and of the inferior oblique (23) muscles. 24. The abducens nerve (nervus abducens) of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. 25. The trochlear nerve (nervus trochlearis) of the superior oblique muscle of the eye. 26. Lacrimal sac. 27. The trigeminal nerve (nervus trigeminus) with its semilunar ganglion (28), from which it branches out into three large nerves, the ophthalmic nerve (29), the maxillary nerve (30), and the mandibular nerve (31). From this, a branch (lingual nerve) (32) supplies the tongue (33). The branches 34-35 connect to the interior and exterior muscles of the cheek. 36. The facial nerve (nervus facialis). 37. The cochlear nerve (nervus acusticus). 38. The glossopharyngeal nerve (nervus glossopharyngeus). 39. Branches of the vagus nerve (nervus vagus); this nerve commands the larynx, the heart, the stomach, and generates feelings of hunger and thirst. 40. The accessory nerve (nervus accessorius). 41. The hypoglossal nerve (nervus hypoglossus). 42. The first cervical nerve. 43. The second cervical nerve. 44. The third cervical nerve. 45. The sympathetic nerve.
signed Emil Kotschi, Leipzig. The top half of the skull has been taken off so that one half of the cerebrum (1) is exposed. 2. The cerebellum, cross-sectioned, with arbor vitae. 3. The corpus callosum. 4. The pineal gland. 5. The medulla oblongata. 6. The pituitary gland. 7. The top of the spinal chord. 8. Cranial cavity. 9. Posterior cerebral artery. 10. The sphenoid bone. 11. Maxillae. 12. Mandible. 13. The hyoid bone. 14. The arytenoid cartilages and 15. The cricoid cartilage of the larynx. 16. The thyroid gland. Next, the cranial nerves. These emerge in pairs, one on the left and one on the right side, which is why they are also referred to as the 12 nerve pairs. This model shows the right half of these nerves in their origin and path. 17. The olfactory nerve (nervus olfactorius). 18. The optic nerve (nervus opticus). 19. The oculomotor nerve (nervus occulomotorius) of the three rectus muscles of the eye, the superior (20), medial (21), inferior (22) rectus, and of the inferior oblique (23) muscles. 24. The abducens nerve (nervus abducens) of the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. 25. The trochlear nerve (nervus trochlearis) of the superior oblique muscle of the eye. 26. Lacrimal sac. 27. The trigeminal nerve (nervus trigeminus) with its semilunar ganglion (28), from which it branches out into three large nerves, the ophthalmic nerve (29), the maxillary nerve (30), and the mandibular nerve (31). From this, a branch (lingual nerve) (32) supplies the tongue (33). The branches 34-35 connect to the interior and exterior muscles of the cheek. 36. The facial nerve (nervus facialis). 37. The cochlear nerve (nervus acusticus). 38. The glossopharyngeal nerve (nervus glossopharyngeus). 39. Branches of the vagus nerve (nervus vagus); this nerve commands the larynx, the heart, the stomach, and generates feelings of hunger and thirst. 40. The accessory nerve (nervus accessorius). 41. The hypoglossal nerve (nervus hypoglossus). 42. The first cervical nerve. 43. The second cervical nerve. 44. The third cervical nerve. 45. The sympathetic nerve.
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