Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
Property formerly from the Collection of Dr. and Mrs. Freddy and Regina T. Homburger Freddy and Regina Homburger were married in 1939 in Geneva and came to the United States in 1941. Freddy previously earned a medical degree from the University of Geneva in 1940 and passed his U.S. medical examinations to obtain a U.S. degree. After working as a Fellow at the Yale and Harvard Medical Schools, Freddy along with his wife Regina, who was also known as Gin, and an associate Dr. Peter Bernfeld, founded the independent Bio-Research Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts concentrating on examining and evaluating the carcinogenic effects of tobacco. Besides his very intensive professional activities, Freddy was an accomplished watercolorist, a passionate aviator and served as Honorary Consul for Switzerland in Boston from 1966 to 1986. Gin actively supported him during his whole career. The collection now being offered for sale began with acquisitions of works of art during Freddy and Gin's many trips abroad, especially South America. The Homburgers were passionate art collectors and they were interested in many different areas of the arts. Guided by their insatiable curiosity and eclectic good taste, they assembled a collection of Impressionist and Modern Art, Pre-Columbian Art, Southeast Asian and Indian Sculpture, Antiquities, Old Master drawings and prints. A portion of the sale proceeds will be used to establish the Freddy and Regina Homburger Endowment to be used for acquisitions at the Portland Museum of Art. In 1950, Freddy read about Raoul Dufy suffering from severe arthritis, which threatened his ability to paint. Freddy invited Dufy to come to Boston for treatment with a newly developed drug. Dufy accepted Freddy's invitation replying that he was "willing to put himself in the hands of a fellow artist". The treatment was successful and allowed Dufy to continue painting for a number of years. A great mutual respect and friendship was forged during this time. Most of Dufy's paintings in the collection stem from this period. In 1957, the Homburgers inherited an impressive group of French nineteenth-century impressionist paintings from Gin's mother, Mrs. Thürlimann. Thus, the collection is in part due to "force majeure", but mainly it is the result of a lifelong interest in a wide range of art and a commitment to seeking and pursuing new opportunities. Freddy Homburger died in September 2001 and Gin followed him in January 2002.
Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)

Les mathurins, Pontoise

Details
Camille Pissarro (1830-1903)
Les mathurins, Pontoise
signed and dated 'C. Pissarro 1877' (lower left)
oil on canvas
28¾ x 23 3/8 in. (73.2 x 59.4 cm.)
Painted in Pontoise, 1877
Provenance
Eugène Murer, Paris (1879).
Dr. Georges Viau, Paris; sale, Galerie Durand-Ruel et Cie., Paris, 21-22 March 1907, lot 56.
Mrs. Regina Thürlimann, Zurich.
By descent from the above to the late owners, 1957.
Literature
L.-R. Pissarro and L. Venturi, Camille Pissarro, son art-son oeuvre, Paris, 1939, vol. I, p. 137, no. 397 (illustrated, vol. II, pl. 81).
Exhibited
Paris, 4ème Exposition des artistes indépendants, April-May 1879, no. 175.
Orono, University of Maine, The Freddy and Regina T. Homburger Collection, July-August 1962, no. 21.
Waltham, Massachusetts, Brandeis University, The Rose Art Museum, Boston Collects Modern Art, May-June 1964, no. 98.
Northampton, Massachusetts, Smith College Museum of Art, The Freddy and Regina T. Homburger Collection, September-October 1964, no. 6.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, Fogg Art Museum, Selections from The Collection of Freddy and Regina T. Homburger, April 1971, p. 50, no. 23 (illustrated, p. 51).
Augusta, Maine State Museum, Freddy and Regina T. Homburger Art Collection, August 1971, no. 27.
Sarasota, Florida, Ringling Museum of Art; Melbourne, Florida, Brevard Museum of Art & Science; and Daytona Beach, The Museum of Arts and Sciences, A Collector's World: Art of Four Continents, October 1978-December 1979, no. 7.
Maine, Portland Museum of Art, November 1991-June 2002 (on extended loan).

Lot Essay

At the beginning of 1870, Pissarro returned from England and moved to Pontoise where he would remain for the next decade. Many of his most celebrated works from the years of high Impressionism between 1874 and 1882 were painted in and around this region. The rural nature and rich variety of the landscape attracted other artists. Cézanne and Gauguin who worked alongside Pissarro in the 1870s. Pissarro's mastery did not go unnoticed by his contemporaries, and the great critic Theodore Duret was the first to praise and encourage the artist during this period. Richard Brettell comments:

Duret advised Pissarro to stress in his painting "a power of the brush" that the critic considered to be the essential character of Pissarro's aesthetic. Duret's remarks make particular sense when we confront a series of rural landscapes painted by Pissarro and his friends in and around Pontoise. The pictures tend more often than not to be strongly painted with thickly applied separate strokes of the brush or palette knife. It is precisely their power that accords with the ordinary rural subjects of the Pontoise school and is therefore the stylistic hallmark of these pictures (R. Brettell, A Day in the Country, Impressionism and the French Landscape, exh. cat., Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1984, p. 180).

Pissarro painted the Oise river and the surrounding countryside on many occasions. It afforded him an opportunity to explore the warm light of the region and the reflective quality of the water, favorite motifs of all Impressionist painters. Indeed, the present work captures the very essense of Impressionist landscape painting with the delicate transitions between shades of light and dark, the tactile brushstrokes and the sky thick with billowing clouds.

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