In the 19th century the production of collectable miniature and curious object d'art experienced a rejuvenation, in the spirit and style of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The skills of the enamel craftsmen in Bohemia, Pargue and Vienna were once again in demand to produce works and looked to the great age of Italian maiolica in the 16th century. Metal oxides on copper bodies were used to replicate 16th and 17th century subject matter, particularly the 'istoriato', or narrative story taken from classical or biblical history. Some of the most distinguishable enamels and known makers came from Vienna; Hermann Boehm (active 1866-1922) and Hermann Ratzersdorfer (active 1845-1894).