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Lot Essay
Le penseur was conceived circa 1860 for the centre of the tympanum of Rodin's La porte de l'Enfer. He later explained the genesis of his project: 'The Thinker has a story. In the days long gone by, I conceived the idea of the Gates of Hell. Before the door, seated on a rock, Dante, thinking of the plan of his poem. Behind him, Ugolino, Francesca, Paolo, all the characters of the Divine Comedy. This project was not realized. Thin, ascetic, Dante separated from the whole naked man, seated upon a rock, his feet drawn under him, his fist at his teeth, he dreams. The fertile thought slowly elaborates itself in the brain. He is no longer dreamer, he is creator' (A.E. Elsen, op. cit., 1963, p. 53).
Rodin expressed his own thoughts directly in a plastic medium and thus it is no surprise that he aimed to combine within Le penseur the attributes of both physical and mental acumen. This monumental figure, possibly his most celebrated work, was discussed by the sculptor shortly before his death, where he stressed the physicality and the vitality and power of the creative mind: 'Nature gives me my model life and thought; the nostrils breathe, the heart beats, the lungs inhale... the being thinks and feels... What makes my Thinker think is that he thinks not only with his brain, with his knitted brow, with his distended nostrils and compressed lips, but with every muscle of his arms, back and legs, with his clenched first and gripping toes' (Saturday Night, Toronto, December 1917).
Le penseur belongs to the group of major early works inspired by Michelangelo, whose sculpture had greatly impressed Rodin on his visit to Italy in 1875. Rodin soon considered Le penseur to be valid as an independent work and exhibited it on its own in Copenhagen in 1888.
The present work is a fine example of a sand cast made by the Alexis Rudier foundry in the late 1920s or early 1930s, shortly after Rodin's death. The Rudier founding dynasty, established by François Rudier in the late nineteenth-century, was headed by Eugène Rudier between 1901 and 1952 when the firm traded as 'Alexis Rudier'. Eugène befriended Rodin who was greatly impressed by Rudier's skill in the send cast method where different sections of the sculpture are cast separately before being assembled and patinated.
Rodin expressed his own thoughts directly in a plastic medium and thus it is no surprise that he aimed to combine within Le penseur the attributes of both physical and mental acumen. This monumental figure, possibly his most celebrated work, was discussed by the sculptor shortly before his death, where he stressed the physicality and the vitality and power of the creative mind: 'Nature gives me my model life and thought; the nostrils breathe, the heart beats, the lungs inhale... the being thinks and feels... What makes my Thinker think is that he thinks not only with his brain, with his knitted brow, with his distended nostrils and compressed lips, but with every muscle of his arms, back and legs, with his clenched first and gripping toes' (Saturday Night, Toronto, December 1917).
Le penseur belongs to the group of major early works inspired by Michelangelo, whose sculpture had greatly impressed Rodin on his visit to Italy in 1875. Rodin soon considered Le penseur to be valid as an independent work and exhibited it on its own in Copenhagen in 1888.
The present work is a fine example of a sand cast made by the Alexis Rudier foundry in the late 1920s or early 1930s, shortly after Rodin's death. The Rudier founding dynasty, established by François Rudier in the late nineteenth-century, was headed by Eugène Rudier between 1901 and 1952 when the firm traded as 'Alexis Rudier'. Eugène befriended Rodin who was greatly impressed by Rudier's skill in the send cast method where different sections of the sculpture are cast separately before being assembled and patinated.