Lot Essay
Vajrapani is regarded as one of the eight heart-sons of Shakyamuni Buddha. In the tradition of Vajrayana Buddhism, Vajrapani is typically shown in a wrathful form and historically he is the main recipient, holder and protector of all the Tantra texts and teachings received from the Buddha Shakyamuni. The construction of the halo intersecting with the mandala follows the Kashmiri tradition; see U. von Schroeder, Indo-Tibetan Bronzes, 1981, pp. 149-155.