Richard Artschwager (b. 1923)
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Richard Artschwager (b. 1923)

Tower III (Confessional)

Details
Richard Artschwager (b. 1923)
Tower III (Confessional)
formica and oak
60 x 47 x 32 in. (152.4 x 119.4 x 81.3 cm.)
Executed in 1980.
Provenance
Leo Castelli Gallery, New York
Saatchi Collection, London
Literature
W. Zimmer, "Furniture Outlets (or Formica Follows Functions)", The Soho News, December 1, 1981, p. 48 (illustrated).
C. van Bruggen, "Richard Artschwager", Artforum 22, September 1983, p. 49 (illustrated).
S.H. Madoff, "Richard Artschwager's Sleight of Mind", ArtNews, January 1988, no. 87.
Exhibited
New Yok, Leo Castelli Gallery, Richard Artschwager, November-December, 1981.
Kassel, Documenta 7, June-September 1982, Volume 2, p. 20 (illustrated).
New York, Ronald Feldman Gallery, 1984-A Preview, January-March 1983.
Paris, Museé National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Alibis, 1984, p. 48 (illustrated).
Washington, D.C., Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Content: a Contemporary Focus 1974-1984, the Tenth Anniversary Exhibition, 1984-1985, p. 48, no. 14 (illustrated).
Paris, Museé National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, l'Epoque, La Mode, La Morale, La Passion, 1987, p. 96 (illustrated).
New York, Whitney Museum of American Art; San Francisco Museum of Modern Art; Los Angeles, Museum of Contemporary Art; Madrid, Palacio Velasquez and Paris, Museé National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Richard Artschwager, 1988-1989, p. 131, no. 88 (illustrated in the Whitney Catalogue) and p. 86 (illustrated in the Pompidou catalogue).
Philadelphia, Institute of Contemporary Art; Newport Beach, Newport Harbor Art Museum, Devil on the Stairs: Looking Back on the Eighties, 1991-1992.
London, Tate Gallery; Staatsgalerie Stuttgart and Deichtorhallen Hamburg , The Froehlich Foundation. German and American Art from Beuys and Warhol, May 1996-April 1997.
Liverpool, Tate Gallery, Contemporary German and American Art from the Froehlich Collection, June-August 1999.
New Museum Nürnberg and London, Serpentine Gallery, Richard Artschwager. Up and Across, September 2001-February 2002.
Wien, MAK, Richard Artschwager. The Hydraulic Door, March-June 2002.
Bignan, Domaine de Kerguéhennec, Richard Artschwager, June-September 2003.
Special notice
On occasion, Christie's has a direct financial interest in the outcome of the sale of certain lots consigned for sale. This will usually be where it has guaranteed to the Seller that whatever the outcome of the auction, the Seller will receive a minimum sale price for the work. This is known as a minimum price guarantee. This is such a lot.

Lot Essay

"I use visual perception as a way of bringing people into my space."

Richard Artschwager approaches sculpture from the notion that art is first and foremost an object of perception. For an artist whose main concern was eliciting a visceral response from his viewers it comes as no surprise that several of his sculptural works take on the grammar of furniture. Artschwager began to develop his formal style working as a cabinet and furniture maker during the years that preceded his artistic career. It was his experiences with this utilitarian objects that provided him with not only the vocabulary of form but also the technical skills of drafting and craftsmanship that such art-making requires. Furniture, as a utilitarian object, inherently requires participation on the part of an individual in order to fulfill its necessary function. A chair is only useful when sat in, a table is only useful once an item is placed upon it, a mirror is only useful when one looks into it. The same way furniture is cued by the shape and form of the human body Artschwager's sculptures court the human experience inviting us to both occupy its space and respond to it. But this is not to say that Artschwager produces physically accessible objects. The psychic component can only be a result of perceptual activity.

Tower III (Confessional) invites the viewer to mentally participate in a familiar ritual of revealing ones most intimate and often disturbing emotions. The confessional, as an object, creates an artificial bond between the sinner and the adjudicator. The penitent kneels on one side of a vertical partition will the priest sits erect on the other side, placing the participants in an awkward and uncomfortable physical proximity. The artist reinforces this stilted union in his choice of materials. Formica, a cheap form of plywood, suggests not only a degree of illegitimacy but reduces what was initially a spiritual ritual into a solely spatial event. The viewer who is kept at a strategic distance is invited to participate on a strictly visual level, yet the intimate feelings that accompany this familiar arrangement are forced into the public realm through the actual act of viewing and exhibition. Harping on these private emotions Tower III (Confessional) triggers an uncomfortable external response in each of its viewer, leaving its audience not only vulnerable but standing.

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