Charles Theodore (1724-1799), Elector of Palantine Regent of the Holy Roman Empire, Elector of Bavaria 1777, son of John Christian and Maria Anne de la Tour d'Auvergne. He married Maria Elizabeth Augusta of Sulzbach and secondly Maria Leopoldine of Habsburg.

As regent of the Holy Roman Empire during an interregnum, Charles Theodore of the Palatinate was elevated temporarily to imperial rank and thus entitled to display the imperial crown in his portraits