Lot Essay
En 1950, le photographe américain Irving Penn entame une série qu’il intitule Small Trades (Petits métiers). En photographiant marchands de journaux, ramoneurs et boulangers dans leur tenue de travail, Penn donne corps aux ouvriers et artisans des grandes capitales au XXe siècle. Il signe la plus importante série de sa carrière avec près de deux cents portraits réalisés à Paris, Londres et New York. Irving Penn est jusqu’alors surtout connu pour ses photographies de mode. Il collabore depuis 1943 avec Alexander Liberman, directeur artistique de Vogue. Il conçoit Small Trades entre deux prises de vue pour Dior, Balenciaga, Schiaparelli. Les travailleurs défilent dans son studio au même titre que les mannequins et l’élite intellectuelle de l’époque comme Colette ou Truman Capote. Irving Penn est en quête de ce qu’il appelle un « mélange sans prétention » où les hiérarchies s’atténuent devant l’objectif de la caméra. En dissociant ces figures du quotidien du chaos de la rue et des artifices extérieurs dans lesquels elles se fondent habituellement, le photographe les impose au regard. On retrouve toujours la même composition : une posture frontale, une lumière travaillée et un fond neutre fait à partir d’une toile récupérée dans un rideau de théâtre. Dans ses mémoires Irving Penn relève des différences culturelles selon ses modèles : les Parisiens étaient circonspects et surtout intéressés par la rémunération alors que les londoniens trouvaient naturel de poser avec fierté dans leur tenue de travail. À New York certains venaient en costume du dimanche, rasés, « persuadés qu’ils allaient gravir la première marche vers Hollywood ». Le portrait de ce nettoyeur de rue américain parait avec d’autres en juillet 1951 dans Vogue accompagné de l’essai America, Inc.: A Gallery of the Unarmed Forces. Le texte et l’image rappellent l’importance de tous ces individus qui ont « fait l’Amérique » au sens matériel et spirituel du terme. Dans la continuité des études documentaires d’Eugène Atget ou de Walker Evans, la série emblématique d’Irving Penn joue aussi un rôle de témoignage historique, gardant la trace de ces petits métiers qui sont nombreux à avoir disparu.
In 1950, the American photographer Irving Penn began a series of photographs titled Small Trades. By photographing newspaper sellers, chimney sweeps and bakers in their work clothes, Penn represented the workers and craftsmen of the 20th century. It became the most extensive project of his career with nearly two hundred portraits shot in Paris, London and New York. Up until then, Irving Penn was best known for his fashion photographs. His collaboration with Alexander Liberman, the artistic director of Vogue began in 1943. Small Trades was born in between two photoshoots for Dior, Balenciaga, and Schiaparelli. Workers, models and the cultural elite alike (Colette, Truman Capote) came to his studio. Irving Penn sought to create what he called an "unpretentious mix" using the mitigating effect of the camera lens on hierarchies. The photographer highlights his subjects by dissociating them from the chaos of the street and the external artifices where they usually blend in. The composition always remains the same: a frontal pose, a sophisticated light and a neutral backdrop made out of an old theater curtain. In his memoirs, Irving Penn recalls some cultural differences between his models: the Parisians were circumspect and mostly interested in the money, while the Londoners found it natural to pose with pride in their work clothes. In New York, "a few arrived for their sittings having shed their work clothes, shaved, even wearing dark Sunday suits, sure this was their first step on the way to Hollywood.” This portrait of an American station sweeper appeared – among other photographs of the series – in the July 1951 issue of Vogue with the essay America, Inc.: A Gallery of the Unarmed Forces. The publication emphasized the importance of all the individuals who have "made America" in the material and spiritual sense. In the spirit of Eugene Atget's or Walker Evans' documentary studies, Irving Penn's emblematic series also plays a historical testimonial role, keeping track of the small trades of his time, many of which have since disappeared.
In 1950, the American photographer Irving Penn began a series of photographs titled Small Trades. By photographing newspaper sellers, chimney sweeps and bakers in their work clothes, Penn represented the workers and craftsmen of the 20th century. It became the most extensive project of his career with nearly two hundred portraits shot in Paris, London and New York. Up until then, Irving Penn was best known for his fashion photographs. His collaboration with Alexander Liberman, the artistic director of Vogue began in 1943. Small Trades was born in between two photoshoots for Dior, Balenciaga, and Schiaparelli. Workers, models and the cultural elite alike (Colette, Truman Capote) came to his studio. Irving Penn sought to create what he called an "unpretentious mix" using the mitigating effect of the camera lens on hierarchies. The photographer highlights his subjects by dissociating them from the chaos of the street and the external artifices where they usually blend in. The composition always remains the same: a frontal pose, a sophisticated light and a neutral backdrop made out of an old theater curtain. In his memoirs, Irving Penn recalls some cultural differences between his models: the Parisians were circumspect and mostly interested in the money, while the Londoners found it natural to pose with pride in their work clothes. In New York, "a few arrived for their sittings having shed their work clothes, shaved, even wearing dark Sunday suits, sure this was their first step on the way to Hollywood.” This portrait of an American station sweeper appeared – among other photographs of the series – in the July 1951 issue of Vogue with the essay America, Inc.: A Gallery of the Unarmed Forces. The publication emphasized the importance of all the individuals who have "made America" in the material and spiritual sense. In the spirit of Eugene Atget's or Walker Evans' documentary studies, Irving Penn's emblematic series also plays a historical testimonial role, keeping track of the small trades of his time, many of which have since disappeared.