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Lot Essay
The pastel upon which this mezzotint is based was made in Geneva around 1770 (Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Geneva), and exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in 1773. In the print the artist presents himself gazing directly at the viewer, clasping his chin with his hand and wearing his characteristic fez, with the added detail of the chair back which is absent in the drawing. Whereas the pastel relies on the contrast of the figure's vivid colouration with the dark background, in the mezzotint Liotard explores the effects of chiaroscuro without the aid of colour. In his treatise on painting Traité des principes et des règles de la peinture, published in 1781, Liotard wrote with reference to this print: 'I have tried to render a fine chiaroscuro and although my shadows are strong, they are soft at the same time without sacrificing clarity. The shadow of the hair and the linen are a bit more brown than the weakest light in the clothes, detaching the half-figure from the surface'. It has been suggested that Liotard was introduced to the mezzotint technique while he was in London from 1773-75, however his experimental approach is very different to that of contemporaries such as Thomas Frye. Liotard's use of roulette and engraving on top of mezzotint to enhance contours and to reinforce shadows creates an impressive three-dimensionality, as well as a sense of weight and solidity often absent in the soft-focus surfaces of more conventional burnished mezzotints.
Regarded as his masterpiece in the print medium, impressions of this important self-portrait are extremely rare. The first catalogue of Liotard's graphic oeuvre by Humbert, Revilliod & Tilanus (1897) cited a total of seven impressions, comprising two proofs before letters (British Museum, London & Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) and five with letters (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Musées d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva; ETH, Zurich; and two others). Since then, three further proofs before letters have come to light: one at the Metropolitan Museum, New York; one sold at Christie's, New York, 29 January 2019 (lot 171); and one with the French art trade. Another impression with letters, sold at Christie's, London, 8 April 2009 (lot 29), is now at the Fondation Custodia, Paris.
The present example before text, which until now has been in a private collection in Geneva since the 18th century and may have been acquired by a member of the family directly from the artist, is likely to be the earliest impression in existence. It differs significantly from all other known examples, as explained in the catalogue text above, and appears to be an early working proof, pulled from the unfinished plate.
Regarded as his masterpiece in the print medium, impressions of this important self-portrait are extremely rare. The first catalogue of Liotard's graphic oeuvre by Humbert, Revilliod & Tilanus (1897) cited a total of seven impressions, comprising two proofs before letters (British Museum, London & Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) and five with letters (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Musées d’Art et d’Histoire, Geneva; ETH, Zurich; and two others). Since then, three further proofs before letters have come to light: one at the Metropolitan Museum, New York; one sold at Christie's, New York, 29 January 2019 (lot 171); and one with the French art trade. Another impression with letters, sold at Christie's, London, 8 April 2009 (lot 29), is now at the Fondation Custodia, Paris.
The present example before text, which until now has been in a private collection in Geneva since the 18th century and may have been acquired by a member of the family directly from the artist, is likely to be the earliest impression in existence. It differs significantly from all other known examples, as explained in the catalogue text above, and appears to be an early working proof, pulled from the unfinished plate.