Lot Essay
A related clock presented to Napoleon by Maréchal Bernadotte bears the date 1804 and signature of the Master mosaic-worker Giacomo Raffaelli (d.1836), who in that year was appointed principal of the School of Mosaics in Milan (A. Gonzales-Palacios, Il Tempio del Gusto, Milan 1984, Tom.II, p.135, fig.296). Napoleon presented another of Raffaelli's clocks to Pope Pius II and this is now in the Château de Fontainbleau.