10 things to know about Mahmoud Saïd

Mahmoud Saïd was born in Alexandria on 8 April 1897, the son of Mohamed Pacha Saïd, who was prime minister at a critical time in Egypt’s history (1910-1914 and again briefly in 1919) — a period that witnessed the rise of nationalism which ultimately paved the way to the country’s independence. Saïd was brought up in a privileged aristocratic milieu, and was educated by foreign private tutors. He was also the uncle of the future queen of Egypt, Safinaz Zulficar, better known as Queen Farida.

Saïd attended some of the most prestigious schools in Alexandria and Cairo. In the early 1920s, he embarked on a cultural trip across Europe, which included three weeks in Paris in July 1921. He took drawing lessons in the ‘free’ section of the prestigious Académie Julian, as well as attending classes at Antoine Bourdelle’s school, L’Académie de la Grande Chaumière. During his stay in Europe, Saïd also visited Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland, discovering masterpieces of Western art in museums and churches. The work of 15th-century Flemish artists such as Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden and Hans Memling, and the vibrant colours of the early Italian Renaissance painters — including the Bellini brothers and Vittore Carpaccio — had a particular impact on the young artist.

Following his father’s wishes, Saïd pursued a career in law, graduating from the French Law School of Cairo in 1919. He was appointed assistant judge at the Mixed Courts of Egypt in 1922, first judge in Mansoura in 1927 and in Alexandria in 1937. He only resigned from his legal career in 1947, aged 50. Up until then, he had painted in his spare time, torn between his passion for art and his professional obligations.

Although his work was somewhat figurative in style and sometimes classical in subject matter, Saïd broke away from academic art and the traditions of European painting, using them as stepping stones to his own signature style. In doing so, he became a pioneer of modern Arab painting, producing art that was truly groundbreaking. Even the rebellious young artists of the Art et Liberté group — the so-called Egyptian Surrealists, who were highly critical of their country’s other pioneers — invited Saïd to participate as a guest of honour in their first and second exhibitions, held in Cairo in 1940 and 1942.

Around one in ten of Saïd’s 400-plus paintings depict female nudes. He portrayed various models in different positions, often characterised by gold-bronze skin and sensuous bodies, and complemented by simple attributes such as headscarves, jewellery, bracelets or anklets. Although Saïd had his own painting studio (originally on the top floor of the family villa in Gianaclis, Alexandria, where the current Mahmoud Saïd Museum stands), it was in the Alexandria studio of his friend, the Greek artist Aristomenis Angelopoulos, that he gained access to female models. These models represent the working-class women of Egypt — figures that Saïd regarded as embodying pure and intrinsic Egyptian beauty.

One of Saïd’s most monumental paintings, La Ville — which now hangs in the Museum of Modern Egyptian Art in Cairo — was displayed at the Egyptian Pavilion of the International Exhibition in Paris in 1937. Saïd’s international exposure extended to America, where he exhibited works in New York in 1936 and 1937, and to Italy, where several of his paintings featured in the Egyptian Pavilion of the Venice Biennale in 1938, 1948, 1950 and 1952.

Saïd’s first solo show was organised by the Atelier d’Alexandrie in 1942, and his first major retrospective was held in 1951 at the Gezira Centre for Modern Art (now the Museum of Modern Egyptian Art). On the eighth anniversary of the Egyptian revolution of 1952, another retrospective of Saïd’s works took place at the Alexandria Museum of Fine Arts, comprising 120 paintings. A third comprehensive exhibition would be organised in the same premises a few months after the artist’s death, in 1964.

On at least two occasions, Saïd is known to have produced a replica of his own work. In 1932, he reproduced La fille aux yeux verts (1931), a painting that now hangs in the residence of the Permanent Representative of Egypt to the United Nations in New York. In 1948, Saïd also painted a replica of Belles de Bahari (1935), the masterpiece owned by Egypt’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The artist carefully inscribed on the reverse of both that these were authentic replicas, by his hand, of original works.

Mahmoud Saïd passed away at his family home in Gianaclis, Alexandria, on 8 April 1964, having suffered a fatal asthma attack on his 67th birthday. The next day, a grand funeral was held, with a procession headed by the students and professors of Alexandria University’s Faculty of Fine Arts. The sculptor Dr Gaber Hegazy was asked to produce plaster casts of the artist’s face and hands, which are now on view at the Mahmoud Saïd Museum in Alexandria. In 1969, the museum came under the ownership of Egypt’s Ministry of Culture, which also acquired a large part of Saïd’s art collection. The Gianaclis villa was later altered to become what is today’s museum complex. Opened in 1999, it comprises the Museum of Modern Art, the Mahmoud Saïd Museum and the Seif and Adham Wanly Museum.

Given the limited number of his works that come to market, the Alexandrian master remains one of the most sought-after modern Arab artists. Of the five works to have sold for more than $1 million at auction, Christie’s has offered three, including The Whirling Dervishes (1929), which in 2010 achieved $2,546,500, an artist record. In 2017, Christie’s in Dubai offered six works spanning four decades, led by Assouan — îles et dunes and its preparatory oil sketch, both executed in 1949. The six works came from three private collections of Saïd’s relatives.

Offered on 6 November 2025, Silsila: Highlights from the Dalloul Collection including Modern and Contemporary Middle Eastern Art is on view 1-6 November at Christie’s in London, alongside Modern and Contemporary Middle Eastern Art: Online (live for bidding from 28 October to 11 November)

Mahmoud Saïd, the artist’s catalogue raisonné by Valérie Didier and Dr Hussam Rashwan, is published by Skira

Related artists: Mahmoud Saïd