Detail of the mainboard of the Apple-1 — one of the first batch issued in April 1976 — offered online, 16-23 May. The second batch features an NTI logo

The Apple-1 — the birth of the Apple empire

Fewer than half of the 200 Apple-1s ever made have survived. In our online sale (16-23 May), we offer a rare example of the first personal computer sold with a fully assembled motherboard, an invention that launched the Apple empire

It's odds on that the screen you are reading this on was bought as part of the computer/hand-held device you are using, but in the dawn of home computing this wasn’t always so. In 1976, when personal computing was very much the domain of hobbyists, all of the individual components of a computer would have been bought separately. But that was about to change.

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were working out of Jobs’s garage and had the idea to produce the first personal computer sold with a fully assembled motherboard. The Apple-1 systems were still sold without casing, power supply, keyboard or monitor, but offering a pre-assembled motherboard was something that put Apple far ahead of its competitors.

This Apple-1 personal computer is housed in a briefcase. The keyboard lifted to show the mainboard fixed into place

This Apple-1 personal computer is housed in a briefcase. The keyboard lifted to show the mainboard fixed into place

An early uptake was from Paul Terrell, owner of The Byte Shop in California, who in 1976 ordered 50 machines at $500 each. After securing that initial order, Jobs and Wozniak scrambled to find cash for the necessary parts. Jobs sold his VW, his only mode of transportation, and Wozniak his HP-65 calculator to finance their operation.

An Apple-1 personal computer, Palo Alto, 1976, housed in a briefcase (44.5 x 37 x 10 cm). The motherboard labelled Apple Computer 1 Palo Alto Ca. Copyright 1976 on obverse with four rows A-D, and columns 1-18, white ceramic MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor, 8K bytes RAM in 16-pin 4K memory chips; modified cassette interface card; Datanetics keyboard supported on aluminium; green Preliminary

An Apple-1 personal computer, Palo Alto, 1976, housed in a briefcase (44.5 x 37 x 10 cm). The motherboard labelled Apple Computer 1 Palo Alto Ca. Copyright 1976 on obverse with four rows A-D, and columns 1-18, white ceramic MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor, 8K bytes RAM in 16-pin 4K memory chips; modified cassette interface card; Datanetics keyboard supported on aluminium; green Preliminary BASIC Operation Manual. Estimate: £300,000-500,000. Offered in On the Shoulders of Giants: Making the Modern World, 16-23 May, Online

In all, about 200 Apple-1s were made, and advertised at $666.66, a price which dropped to $475 in 1977. By the end of that year the Apple-II (first introduced on 10 June 1977) had taken over, and the Apple-1 was no longer offered for sale.

This lot includes an Apple photo slide (right, in box) of the original Apple logo that was created and drawn by Apple co-founder Ronald G. Wayne after Apple was incorporated on January 3, 1977; and a pristine, working Panasonic RQ-309DS Cassette Tape Recorder for the Apple-1

This lot includes an Apple photo slide (right, in box) of the original Apple logo that was created and drawn by Apple co-founder Ronald G. Wayne after Apple was incorporated on January 3, 1977; and a pristine, working Panasonic RQ-309DS Cassette Tape Recorder for the Apple-1

Also included with this lot are Ronald G. Wayne’s personal photocopy of the Partnership Agreement with Jobs and Wozniak; an April 1977 Apple ‘Dealer Inquiry’ letter from the VP of Marketing, Mike Markkula, who later became Apple’s second CEO. The letter shows the transition from Apple-1 to Apple-II; original magazine articles about the Apple-1; advertisements and documents

Also included with this lot are Ronald G. Wayne’s personal photocopy of the Partnership Agreement with Jobs and Wozniak; an April 1977 Apple ‘Dealer Inquiry’ letter from the VP of Marketing, Mike Markkula, who later became Apple’s second CEO. The letter shows the transition from Apple-1 to Apple-II; original magazine articles about the Apple-1; advertisements and documents relating to the Apple-1 Owners’ Club

After Jobs and Wozniak officially discontinued the Apple-1 in October 1977, they offered discounts and trade-ins to encourage all Apple-1 owners to return their machines. These were destroyed, and fewer than half of the Apple-1s survived.

What had begun as the attempt by two techie friends to design and build a microprocessor became the first personal computer and launched Apple Computer Company, later Apple Inc., the perennially pioneering company that defined and redefined its industry — and changed the lives of its millions of customers — to become one of the world’s largest corporations.

Fifteen examples of the Apple-1 exist in public collections worldwide, including the Smithsonian Museum of Art. A rare example of the Apple-1 is offered in On the Shoulders of Giants: Making the Modern World, an online sale that runs from 16-23 May.

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The lot includes the extremely rare first manual issued by Apple Computer Company. Although not credited in the text, Ronald Wayne is generally accepted as having been its author. 

Wayne, who co-founded Apple Computer with Jobs and Wozniak, also drew the first Apple logo that appears on the cover of this pamphlet, and drafted their partnership agreement. He famously sold his share of the company, 12 days after its founding, for $800.