Thomas Gainsborough

Thomas Gainsborough fut l’un des peintres britanniques les plus éminents du XVIIIe siècle, célèbre pour ses portraits magistraux et ses paysages lyriques. Né à Sudbury, dans le Suffolk, en 1727, il montra très tôt des dispositions artistiques et fut envoyé à Londres dès son adolescence pour suivre l’enseignement du graveur français émigré Hubert-François Gravelot. Son immersion dans l’élégance rococo du style de Gravelot, ainsi que dans l’art hollandais et flamand, a jeté les bases de son évolution ultérieure.

Gainsborough a commencé sa carrière en tant qu ement de peintre paysagiste, inspiré par les scènes pastorales de Jacob van Ruisdael et de Meindert Hobbema. Cependant, des impératifs pratiques l’ont rapidement orienté vers le portrait, qui s’est avéré plus lucratif. Ses premiers portraits à Ipswich, puis à Bath, témoignent d’une sensibilité raffinée et d’un goût pour la décontraction, plaçant souvent les modèles dans des décors vastes et naturalistes qui estompent la frontière entre le portrait et le paysage. Lorsqu’il s’installa à Londres en 1774, sa réputation avait déjà atteint des sommets, rivalisant avec celle de son grand contemporain, Sir Joshua Reynolds.

Bien qu’il fût devenu membre fondateur de la Royal Academy en 1768, Gainsborough entretint des relations tendues avec l’institution, s’opposant fréquemment à ses attentes formelles. Il privilégiait la spontanéité et la grâce naturelle à l’idéalisation académique, une préférence évidente dans des œuvres telles que The Blue Boy (vers 1770) et Mrs Siddons (1785). Son coup de pinceau délicat et fluide, caractérisé par des textures légères et des couleurs chatoyantes, conférait à ses portraits un sentiment d’immédiateté et une présence psychologique.

Dans ses paysages, Gainsborough continua d’innover, s’éloignant de la précision topographique pour s’orienter vers une sensibilité expressive, presque proto-romantique. Des tableaux comme The Market Cart (1786) révèlent une richesse atmosphérique qui influencera plus tard Constable et la tradition du paysage anglais.

Gainsborough mourut en 1788, laissant derrière lui une œuvre qui alliait avec grâce l’élégance au naturalisme, et le portrait au paysage poétique, s’assurant ainsi une place de pilier de l’histoire de l’art britannique.


Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Mrs. William Villebois, full-length, in masquerade dress, with a blue gown and a lace-edged satin skirt, holding a diaphanous wrap, beside a pilaster

Thomas Gainsborough Sudbury 1727-1788 London

A wooded landscape with a herdsman, cows and sheep near a pool

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

Portrait de Giusto Ferdinando Tenducci tenant une partition

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Caroline, 4th Duchess of Marlborough, half-length, in a blue and white dress

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Thomas Brooke (?1755-1820), three-quarter-length, in a green frock coat, resting by a tree in wooded landscape; and Portrait of Sir Richard Brooke, 5th Bt. (1753-1795), three-quarter-length, in a yellow striped waistcoat and blue frock coat, in a wooded landscape

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

Double portrait of Master John Truman Villebois (c.1773-1837) and his brother Henry Villebois (1777-1847)

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Equestrian portrait of Albert, duc d'Arenberg, prince of Barbonçon (1600-1674), in armour, with a blue sash, in a wooded landscape, a battlefield beyond, after Sir Anthony van Dyck

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY, SUFFOLK 1727-1788 LONDON)

Portrait of Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Lord Rodney (1718-1792), full-length, in naval uniform on a ship, with a sea battle in the background

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Lady Anne Thistlethwaite, Countess of Chesterfield (1759-1798), bust-length, in a blue dress

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

A young man reclining on a bank beneath a tree, possibly a self-portrait

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

A wooded landscape with donkeys and figures on a path

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Wooded landscape with a shepherd and sheep on a slope by a river, a mountain beyond

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

Portait of Elizabeth, wife of Richard Colvile (1737-1784), half-length, in a blue dress

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

An old peasant with a donkey in a wooded landscape

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

A wooded landscape with cattle at a watering place

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

Portrait of Prince Ernest Augustus (1771-1851), later King of Hanover, three-quarter-length, in Windsor uniform

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Cattle and a drover on a lane passing a cottage

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY 1727-1788 LONDON)

Portrait of a musician, probably Antonín Kammel (1730-1785), half-length, in a green jacket holding a musical score

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Lady Anne Furye, née Greenly (b. 1738), half-length, in a white satin sack-back dress with blue echelles , wearing a blue ribbon and lace choker, with crystal earrings and pompom flowers in her hair

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of a lady, possibly Mary Gibbon, the artist's sister, bust length, in profile, in a lace headdress, a pearl necklace and a brown dress, with a tule shawl and a sprig of wild flowers

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Dr. William Walcot (1719-1806), half-length, in a blue coat, in a feigned oval

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Mrs. Isaac Elton, bust-length

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

A wooded landscape with a peasant, a horse and cattle

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Wooded landscape with a figure, limekiln and farm buildings

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (LONDON 1727-1788)

A family outside a cottage door

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Cattle watering beside a river with a distant view to a tower

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

A cottage with trees reflected in a woodland pool

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

A landscape with a shepherd and his dog, his flock resting by a dune in the foreground

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Elizabeth Prowse, half-length, in a blue and gold dress; and Portrait of Thomas Prowse (1708-1767), of Compton Bishops, half-length, in a red coat

Allan Ramsay, R.A. (Edinburgh 1713-1784)

Portrait of Richard Powney, D.C.L (b. c.1702), half-length, in a brown coat, gold-embroidered waistcoat and white stock, with a tricorne hat under his arm, in a sculpted cartouche

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Portrait of Winifred Silvertop, Mrs John Wright (d. 1780), bust-length, in Van Dyck dress with a blue gauze wrap

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY, SUFFOLK 1727-1788 LONDON)

Portrait of Henry Fane, M.P. (1703-1777), of Wormsley, Oxfordshire, half-length, in a gold-embroidered pink velvet coat and waistcoat, a tricorne hat under his arm, in a feigned oval

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

Figures and pack horses on a wooded track

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (1827-1788)

A wooded landscape with a herdsman and his flock

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury, Suffolk 1727-1788 London)

Road through a wood with farm waggon approaching

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (LONDON 1727-1788)

A wooded landscape with drovers and horses

ÉCOLE ANGLAISE DU XVIIIe SIÈCLE, ENTOURAGE DE THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R. A.

Portrait d'un homme, en pied, un paysage à l'arrière-plan

THOMAS GAINSBOROUGH, R.A. (SUDBURY, SUFFOLK 1727-1788 LONDON)

A wooded valley landscape with a shepherd and his flock in the foreground

Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (1727-1788)

A landscape with trees by a pool

After Thomas Gainsborough, R.A.

Portrait of a gentleman, thought to be Thomas Vere (c.1681-1766), half-length, in a silk waistcoat and grey embroidered coat

Circle of Thomas Gainsborough, R.A. (Sudbury 1727-1788 London)

A wooded landscape with a shepherd at rest by a tree

Gainsborough Dupont Sudbury 1754-1797 London

Portrait of a gentleman, traditionally identified as Samuel Kilderbee, bust-length, in a black coat and white lace collar