Lot Essay
The long inscription describes the life story of the protagonist Cai Wenji. The daughter of the famous scholar Cai Yong, Cai Wenji is eulogised as a talented female calligrapher and composer of the Eastern Han period. Cai's husband Wei Zhongdao died shortly after their marriage, and Cai was captured by the Xiongnu when they invaded Han territory. She remarried the Xiongnu chieftain Liu Bao during her captivity, and gave birth to two sons. Twelve years later, she was eventually freed after the Han Chancellor Cao Cao paid a heavy random for her release. The story of Cai bidding farewell to her young sons as she returns to Han territory has been portrayed in paintings and plays throughout Chinese history and she continues to be a popular symbol for female resilience.