LEE MAN FONG (Indonesia 1913-1988)
Born in 1913 in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province in China, Man Fong was brought to Singapore at the age of three by his father who was a trader. He received his education at St. Andrew's School where he was taught art by the Lingnan master, Mei Yutian, from whom he learned to sketch directly from life. He began to paint in oil from the age of sixteen under the tutelage of Huang Qingquan. The artist's first oil painting, The Shuanglin Temple (K.C. Low and Ho Kung-Shang, The Oil Painting of Lee Man Fong, Art Book co. Ltd., Taiwan, 1984, p.17.) was executed in 1929 when Man Fong was only sixteen. The painting allowed the artist to demonstrate his matured handling of the composition and perspective. More importantly, he revealed an artistic tendency that would last a lifetime: an assimilation of Eastern and Western techniques. Xu Bei Hong, the renowned Chinese painter who is considered as one of the pioneering artists of Chinese oil painting is much admired by Lee Man Fong. Adept in both traditional Chinese ink work as well as with oil, the versatility of Xu Bei Hong is a quality shared by Lee Man Fong too. Man Fong has acknowledged the influence of Xu on his works, particularly on his painting of horses. Xu's horses are depicted in multiple forms and types and engaging in different activities, be it the pensive white horse by the river or the galloping, spirited one, the artist depicts his subject with a calligraphic precision and simplicity which is emulated by Lee Man Fong.
LEE MAN FONG (Indonesia 1913-1988)

Three horses

Details
LEE MAN FONG (Indonesia 1913-1988)
Three horses
signed, dated and inscribed in Chinese '1959 March, painted in Jakarta, Man Fong' and stamped with 2 of the artist's seals (upper left)
oil on board
36 x 49 in. (90 x 122 cm.)
Literature
Art Retreat, Lee Man Fong: Oil Paintings II, Art Retreat Ltd, Singapore, 2005, p. 223 (illustrated).
Exhibited
Jakarta, Edwin's Gallery, 1989.

Lot Essay

The present lot is a complete and delightful contrast to the more soberly rendered Two horses (lot 92). Painted in 1959, Three horses contains the essence of a traditional Chinese ink painting even though it is rendered in oil.

Like many of his oil on board works, Man Fong embellish the composition with the sprinkling of foliage, often truncated to convey a lyrical sense of arrangement and poetic structure reminiscent of a traditional Chinese ink work. Going beyond that, the artist has not employed his usual method of rendering his subject, in this case, the horses in anatomical precision, which often results in creating a volumetric sense of bearing, producing a substantiated object in the make-believe world of the painting.

Instead the three houses are rendered with a skillful manipulation of ink and taking full advantage of the spontaneous and capricious nature of the medium. Representation of the horses are done by smearing and dabbling of the fluid, it is Man Fond at his best as one sees his precise control of the material. Without a preparatory outlining of his subject, he first applies the ink onto the board and paints the face and the body of the animals by controlling the movement of the ink as well as the intensity of the fluid. With a limited range of colour, he uses the monochromatic ink in graduations thus creating the nuances and shades just like the Chinese ink masters and in accordance to the pillar of the Chinese painting that stipulates: the five colours of black.

The result is a soft and whimsical representation of the horses which is light and seemingly 'floating' above the composition. A poetic sense is created with the calligraphic purity and simplicity of lines that is made possible with the elegant touch of the artist, in turn reminiscent of the works of the Chinese artist Xu Bei Hong.

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