A GEORGE III EBONY-CASED AND SILVER-MOUNTED MANTEL MARINE CHRONOMETER

HOWELLS AND PENNINGTON FOR THOMAS MUDGE NO. 3, CIRCA 1795

Details
A GEORGE III EBONY-CASED AND SILVER-MOUNTED MANTEL MARINE CHRONOMETER
howells and pennington for thomas mudge no. 3, circa 1795
The dial with eccentric white enamel chapter disc for the hours and minutes with blued steel beetle and poker hands, white enamel seconds disc above, silver spandrels cast with foliage, gilt full-plate movement with four back-pinned pillars, chain fusee, now with Arnold-type spring detent escapement with Pennington's double bimetallic compensated balance, the backplate signed Howells and Pennington for Thos. Mudge, No. 3, 1795, the arched case with four brass-lined glazed panels to the top and with brass bracket feet, the interior pasted with the trade label printed Jump & Sons, 93 Mount Street, London, W1
9in. (23cm.) high
Literature
Anthony Randall, Catalogue of watches in the British Museum VI. Pocket Chronometers, Marine Chronometers and other Portable Precision Timekeepers, London, 1990, p. 185, N0. 6

Lot Essay

The present chronometer was one of nearly thirty such models that were commissioned by Thomas Mudge Junior. It was Mudge Senior, 1715-1794, who made the famous 'Blue' and 'Green' timekeepers that formed such an integral part in the early development of the marine chronometer and for which the Board of Longitude awarded £3,000.
His son, a lawyer by profession, decided to commission William Howells and Robert Pennington to produce marine chronometers in the style of his father's foremost chronometers.
The first did not perform at all well and it was chronometers No. 2 & 3 that first went to sea. They were taken on a voyage to the West Indies under Captain Durban and were rated against two other chronometers by Arnold and Haley.
Owing to their expense and unreliability the project was doomed by 1798 after only less than thirty had been produced. Few have survived and only three of them retain their original escapements, probably because the Mudge escapement was a highly complicated device and when the others became temperamental it would have been easier and considerably cheaper replace them. The present example with its Pennington balance may well have been converted by Pennington himself and then converted into its present case

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