Germaine Richier (1904-1959)

Le Pentacle

Details
Germaine Richier (1904-1959)
Le Pentacle
stamped with the signature and the Valsuani foundry mark
bronze with darkened patina
32 1/4 x 14 1/8 x 8 7/8in. (82 x 36 x 22.5cm.)
Executed and cast in 1954, this work is no. 2/6 in a total authorized edition of 12.
Provenance
Francis Ponge, Paris (a gift from the artist in 1956).
Literature
Ex. Cat. Walker Art Center, Sculpture by Germaine Richier, Minneapolis 1958, (another cast illustrated).
Ex. Cat. Galerie Creuzevault, Germaine Richier, 1904-1959, Paris 1966 (larger cast illustrated).
Ex. Cat. The Tate Gallery, Paris Post-War: Art and Existensialism 1945-1955, London 1993, p. 166 (another cast illustrated).
Ex. Cat. Fondation Maeght, Germaine Richier, Saint Paul 1996 (another cast illustrated).
Exhibited
Paris, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Germaine Richier, October-December 1956, no. 60 (illustrated in the catalogue p. 15).
Antibes, Musée Grimaldi, Chateau d'Antibes, Germaine Richier, no. 86.

Lot Essay

In Le Pentacle, Richier condenses a sense of tragedy and of martydom in a single human form. A large body with a heavy torso and broad neck stands petrified in a rather military pose. Richier has delicately carved concentric circles into the belly and the back of the figure. The incisions are not violently executed but meticulously deep, like cuttings into human flesh, particularly pronounced in the neck area.

The figure gives the impression that it is struggling to keep its head from falling off and this is emphasised by the strength in the arms. The skull itself is like one great wound. A deep cut splits the skull at the top. A cyclop's eye takes prominent position on the face. It is a hollow area directly eating into the devastated brain.

This brutal treatment of the human figure as an expression of human suffering is also seen in the work of other French artists of the period such as Fautrier and Dubuffet. The concern about re-inventing the human figure as a contemporary idiom was already apparent, not only in Fautrier's sculptures, but also in his famous Otages series.

Richier's choice of title for the present sculpture has a sense of irony. A pentacle for mathematicians is a geometric star-like shape, while for ancient civilisations it was identified as the symbol of perfection. It is rather comic therefore that a hideous figure with a wounded face, and an abnormal body can be labelled with this title. However, Richier was an artist who could find beauty in the most repulsive insects. Her tender and sympathetic treatment of this sculpture allows one to believe in the perfection of its soul despite its physically deformed state.

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