Property of A PRIVATE COLLECTOR
Willem de Kooning (b. 1904)

Mailbox

Details
Willem de Kooning (b. 1904)
Mailbox
signed 'de Kooning' lower left
oil, enamel and charcoal on paper mounted on panel
23¼ x 30in. (59.1 x 76.2cm.)
Painted in 1948.
Provenance
Charles Egan Gallery, New York.
Governor and Mrs. Nelson Rockefeller, New York.
Marlborough-Gerson Galleries, New York.
A Midwestern collector (acquired in 1970).
By descent to the present owner.
Literature
W. de Kooning, "What Abstract Art Means To Me," The Museum of Modern Art/Bulletin, vol. XVIII, no. 3, Spring 1951, p. 5 (illustrated).
T. Hess, Willem de Kooning, New York 1959, no. 75 (illustrated but incorrectly dated 1947).
H. Rosenberg, de Kooning, New York 1973, no. 63 (illustrated).
P. Larson, de Kooning Drawings/Sculpture, New York 1974, no. 9 (illustrated).
H. Gaugh, De Kooning, New York 1983, pp. 28-29, no. 22 (illustrated).
W. Seitz, Abstract Expressionist Painting in America, Cambridge and London 1983, no. 22 (illustrated).
D.C. Miller, editor, The Nelson A. Rockefeller Collection: Masterpieces of Modern Art, New York 1981, p. 170 (illustrated).
Willem de Kooning, Kodansha Ltd., Publishers, Tokyo 1993, no. 12 (illustrated).
Exhibited
New York, Charles Egan Gallery, Willem de Kooning, Apr.-May 1948.
New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting, Nov. 1948-Jan. 1949, no. 34.
Venice, XXVII Esposizione Biennale Internazionale d'Arte, June-Oct. 1950, no. 338.
Northampton, Smith College Museum of Art and Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Hayden Gallery, Willem de Kooning, Apr.-June 1965, no. 13 (illustrated).
Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum; London, The Tate Gallery; New York, The Museum of Modern Art; Art Institute of Chicago and Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Willem de Kooning, Sept. 1968-Apr. 1969, p. 63, no. 33 (illustrated).
New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Twentieth Century Art from the Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller Collection, May-Sept. 1969, p. 97 (illustrated).
Ithaca, Cornell University, Herbert F. Johnson Museum and New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Abstract Expressionism: The Formative Years, Mar.-May 1978, no. 15.
Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Museum of Art, Willem de Kooning: Pittsburgh International Series, Oct. 1979-Jan. 1980, p. 39, no. 8 (illustrated).
New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Willem de Kooning Drawings-Paintings-Sculpture, Dec. 1983-Feb. 1984, p. 168, no. 172 (illustrated).
Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Masterworks from Fort Worth Collections, Apr.-June 1992, p. 34, no. 8 (illustrated).
Berlin, Martin-Gropius-Bau and London, Royal Academy of Arts, American Art in the 20th Century: Painting and Sculpture 1913-1993, May-Dec. 1993, no. 95 (illustrated).
Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art and London, The Tate Gallery, Willem de Kooning Paintings, Mar. 1994-May 1995, p. 111, no. 12 (illustrated).

Lot Essay

The years immediately following World War II were a crucial time in the development of the art of Willem de Kooning. Having spent the early 1940s experimenting with a fusion of Cubist structure and Surrealist automatism in his painting, de Kooning's technique evolved into a method of controlled accident in a series of figurative/abstract paintings done between 1946 and 1950. Marked by masterful invention of forms and rhythmic cadences of line, they would come to be seen as the first flowering of his mature style.

In Mailbox, fluid black lines delineate biomorphic shapes, with luxuriant shades of pinks and ochres (reminiscent of his earlier masterpiece, Pink Angels, 1945) glowing from beneath the lush and richly textured surfaces. The shapes exist in constant flux between known and invented forms, between figuration and abstraction. One senses, more than identifies, the round full curve of a breast, the jagged edge of a wicked grin and the dancing lines of a mailbox. Rectangles become boxes, complex curves become hands--and then dissolve into the overall unity of the composition. In a complex interweaving of space, amorphous forms move back and forth, now dominating, now receding. This ambiguity of figure and ground left traditional approaches to painting far behind and marked de Kooning as one of the most important painters of his time.

Mailbox was one of ten paintings chosen for de Kooning's inaugural New York exhibition at Charles Egan's Gallery in 1948. Other masterpieces from that show include Black Friday (collection of Princeton Art Museum), Painting, 1948 and Valentine (both collection of The Museum of Modern Art, New York), and Zurich (collection of the Hirschhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.). While several of these paintings were mostly black and white, such as Painting, 1948, the show 'also featured the luminous white and pink Mailbox' (M. Prather, Willem de Kooning Paintings, Washington, D.C. 1994, p. 96).

Later that year, Mailbox was selected to be the first painting by de Kooning in a Whitney Annual, and Clement Greenberg cited it as the finest painting in the show in his review in The Nation. Along with Excavation, 1950, Light in August, 1946 and Dark Pond, 1948, Mailbox was selected by Alfred H. Barr, Jr., the pioneering director of The Museum of Modern Art, for inclusion in the Venice Biennale of 1950, which was de Kooning's first exposure to a European audience.