"The 1940 Olympics were awarded to Japan -- the Winter Games to Sapporo and the Summer Games to Tokyo -- but when Japan invaded China and became caught up in a major war, the Olympics were taken away from the Japanese. The Winter Games, rescheduled for Garmisch-Partenkirchen, site of the 1936 Games, were cancelled less than five months before the planned starting date, when Germany invaded Poland .... " (David Wallechinsky, Book of the Olympics, 1984, p. xviii)