Ben Nicholson, O.M. (1894-1982)

1933 (Bugatti 5 litres)

Details
Ben Nicholson, O.M. (1894-1982)
1933 (Bugatti 5 litres)
signed and dated 'Ben Nicholson 1933' on the reverse of the panel, signed and dated again 'Ben Nicholson 1933' on the backboard
oil, charcoal and collage of playing cards, newspaper, silver paper and baking paper on canvas stretched over panel
18 x 20 in. (45.7 x 50.8cm.)
Painted in 1933
Provenance
Alex. Reid & Lefevre, London.
Sir Michael Sadler, K.C.S.I, Oxford, by whom probably purchased from the above in 1933; his sale Christie's, 25 May 1945, lot 184 (9 gns to Townend).
Exhibited
London, Alex. Reid & Lefevre Ltd., Barbara Hepworth (members of Unit One), Oct.-Nov. 1933, no. 47.
Basel, Galerie Beyeler, Arp, Bissier, Nicholson, Tobey, Oct.-Dec. 1963, no. 76.
London, Tate Gallery, Ben Nicholson, Oct. 1993-Jan. 1994, no. 40, p. 214 (illustrated in colour p. 133, and in black and white p. 214). This exhibition later travelled to St. Etienne, Musée d'Art Moderne, Feb.-April 1994.
Sale room notice
Please note the following additional provenance for this lot:
Galerie Beyeler, Basle, 1963 (3661).
Kalman Gallery, London (1965).

Lot Essay

In May 1930 Nicholson held his first exhibition of paintings in Paris at the celebrated galleries of Bernheim-Jeune at 109 rue du Faubourg St Honoré. Whilst the show was not entirely a success, it did give Nicholson the opportunity to see Picasso's 'abstractions' at Paul Rosenberg's gallery which he greatly admired. Nicholson was becoming more and more aware that the experiments of the French avant-garde were more in keeping with his own artistic objectives and he seriously considered moving to Paris in 1932 when the great cubist dealer, Daniel-Henri Kahnweiler, told him that he and other dealers would only consider looking at his work if he moved to France.

Although they did not meet at the time, Braque had seen Nicholson's exhibition at Bernheim-Jeune in 1930. Through the collector Roché, Braque sent Nicholson a very favourable account of his impressions of the show. Inspired by this report, Nicholson visited France in the spring of 1933 where he befriended and came heavily under the influence of both Braque and Picasso. Unsurprisingly, Nicholson's paintings of the following months owe an enormous debt to both artists. Nicholson was infected by their bold avant-gardism and saw the infinite possibilities of experimenting with Cubism. "This abstract language (of which Picasso has a more profound knowledge than anyone) is a new thing and it is misleading to people who are new to it. Certainly I feel I discover something new about it each week and in my work what I felt to be abstract two months ago hardly seems so at all now and one continues like that". (A letter to Winifred Nicholson dated 3 May 1933.)

Here in 1933 (Bugatti 5 litres) we clearly see Nicholson's debt to Braque as he builds his composition using the vocabulary of cubism; the papier collé technique, the incorporation of playing cards in the subject and the whole feel of the surface owes much to Nicholson's French mentor.

Inspired to start an avant-garde movement in England, Nicholson helped set up the group 'Unit One' with like-minded avant-gardists such as Moore, Wadsworth, Nash and Hepworth. Herbert Read stated that one of the group's goals was "to secure the widest publicity for experimental designs and progressive techniques".

Nicholson showed 1933 (Bugatti 5 litres) at the celebrated Unit One exhibition he organised with Barbara Hepworth at Alex Reid & Lefevre Ltd. in October 1933.

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