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拍品专文
The present set exists of six identical candlesticks by Martinus van Stapele, dated 1770 and 1771, and two three-light branches made by Jan Diederik Pont in 1756. Both, candlesticks and branches, are in Louis XV style. In 1854 W.J. van Gastel from Breda added four nozzles.
Van Stapele (1731-1803/06) became a master in The Hague in 1757 and primarily made objects for household use1. His objects in Louis XV style date mainly from the 1770s. Pont became a master in Amsterdam in 1729. He is especially known for his virtuously manufactured candlesticks. Pont must have been one of the earliest Amsterdam silversmiths who worked in Louis XV-style2.
During the reign of Louis XV, king of France, a style developed which later became know as Roccoco3. Typical for this style are mobility and the emphasized asymmetry, generally combined with a twist suggesting an upward movement. The traditional distinctions between the border and the subject were abandoned, to suggest organic unity. Characteristic motifs are the C- and S-scrolls and the rocaille. The latter looks like a shell or crest. Naturalistic motifs are occasionaly added freely. In France the influence of Juste-Aurèle Meissonnier (1695-1750) was decisive.
The development of French styles was followed in The Netherlands from the end of the 17th Century, often with a lapse of time. Here the French exuberance of the Rococo-style was tempered and decorations were often soft and flowing. A smaller variety of shapes and a few recurring decorative motives were used. Early examples of Dutch Louis XV silver are the candelabra mentioned below by Jan Willem Burger (worked 1783-c. 1780) form The Hague, 1744/454. Rococo reached its peak in The Netherlands during the 1770s.
Amongst the most important Dutch silversmiths who produced works in Louis XV-style were Albert de Thomese (master 1708- The Hague 1753) and Engelbart Joosten (1717-1789) from The Hague and Johannes Schiotling (Göteborg 1730- Amsterdam 1799), Wijnand Warneke (Amersfoort c.1738- Amsterdam 1810) and Reynier Brandt (Wesel 1707- Amsterdam 1788) from Amsterdam.
During the Dutch Rococo period we often find candlesticks which can be changed into candelabra by placing a loose member, often in the form of a branch to which three twigs are attached, in the nozzle of a candlestick5. It is not unknown to find that a branch was added to a normal candlestick that bears a date letter different from the latter. Its also possible to find different makers marks. In the collection of the Gemeente Museum in The Hague is a set of two candelabra of which Isacq Samuel Busard made the candlesticks to which Pieter Kersbergen added three-light branches6.
According to the present owner, this set formed probably part of a larger one of at least twelve or perhaps even eightteen candlesticks. Large sets are known to have existed, but due to the Dutch inheritance laws many of these sets may have been split up. In 1745 Jan Willem Burger made a set in Louis XV-style of which at least ten candlesticks have survived. Of these, two can be changed into candelabra by placing three-light branches in the nozzle7.
This set was used at the state-banquet given by the former Dutch government Cals during the occasion celebrating the upcoming marriage of Princess Beatrix and Claus von Amsberg in 1966.
Comparative literature:
1Exh.Cat. Nederlands Zilver/Dutch silver 1580-1830, Amsterdam - Rijksmuseum, Toledo - The Toledo Museum of Art, Boston - Museum of Fine Arts, 1979/1980, p.364
2Lorm, J.R. de, Amsterdams Goud en Zilver, Zwolle, 1999, pp.125-127; Verbeek, J., Nederlands Zilver 1725-1780, Lochem, 1988, p.97
3Catalogus van goud- en zilverwerken, bebevens zilveren, loden en bronzen plaquetten, Rijksmusuem - Amsterdam, 1952, pp.x-xix; Duyvené de Wit-Klinkhamer, Th.M. and Gans, H.M., Geschiedenis van het Nederlandse zilver, Amsterdam, 1958, pp.13-56
4Frederiks, J.W., Dutch Silver II, Den Haag, No. 512
5See for examples: Frederiks, J.W., 1958, Nos. 512, 515, 609; Exh. Cat. Haags zilver uit vijf eeuwen, Den Haag, 1967, Nos. 259, 279, 301.
6Scholten, F., Zilver, 's-Gravenhage, 1986, p.54
7Frederiks, J.W., No.512.
See illustrations
Van Stapele (1731-1803/06) became a master in The Hague in 1757 and primarily made objects for household use
During the reign of Louis XV, king of France, a style developed which later became know as Roccoco
The development of French styles was followed in The Netherlands from the end of the 17th Century, often with a lapse of time. Here the French exuberance of the Rococo-style was tempered and decorations were often soft and flowing. A smaller variety of shapes and a few recurring decorative motives were used. Early examples of Dutch Louis XV silver are the candelabra mentioned below by Jan Willem Burger (worked 1783-c. 1780) form The Hague, 1744/45
Amongst the most important Dutch silversmiths who produced works in Louis XV-style were Albert de Thomese (master 1708- The Hague 1753) and Engelbart Joosten (1717-1789) from The Hague and Johannes Schiotling (Göteborg 1730- Amsterdam 1799), Wijnand Warneke (Amersfoort c.1738- Amsterdam 1810) and Reynier Brandt (Wesel 1707- Amsterdam 1788) from Amsterdam.
During the Dutch Rococo period we often find candlesticks which can be changed into candelabra by placing a loose member, often in the form of a branch to which three twigs are attached, in the nozzle of a candlestick
According to the present owner, this set formed probably part of a larger one of at least twelve or perhaps even eightteen candlesticks. Large sets are known to have existed, but due to the Dutch inheritance laws many of these sets may have been split up. In 1745 Jan Willem Burger made a set in Louis XV-style of which at least ten candlesticks have survived. Of these, two can be changed into candelabra by placing three-light branches in the nozzle
This set was used at the state-banquet given by the former Dutch government Cals during the occasion celebrating the upcoming marriage of Princess Beatrix and Claus von Amsberg in 1966.
Comparative literature:
See illustrations