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拍品專文
John Yarwell was the best-known optical instrument maker of the late seventeenth century; his rival from 1690 was John Marshall. Marshall's lens-grinding methods have been studied by Bryden and Simms (1993).
細節
A very rare English compound microscope,
unsigned, datable to circa 1680, in lignum vitae, tooled leather, vellum and brass -- 9in. (23cm.) high when in use (average); the body tube -- 2 3/8in. (6cm.) diameter; the base -- 2¾in. (7cm.) diameter
The optical tube is in two sections, both the outer and inner are made of pasteboard covered with deep-red morocco leather on the outer, and white vellum on the inner; this has a printed page from a religious tract stuck to the inside. The outer is decorated in three panels by gold tooling, now very dark. A long, threaded brass nose-piece screws into a brass ring at the top of a tripod with straight brass legs. The 2¼in. (5.5cm.) long nose-piece has a small 3/8in. (0.9cm.) diameter plano-convex objective lens (possibly a replacement) in a push-on brass cell with a 3mm aperture, and at the top of the inner tube is the 1 3/16in. (3cm.) diameter field lens, also biconvex, and with a few air bubbles, as generally found at this period. The eyepiece mount contains the 11/16in. (1.8cm.) diameter biconvex eye lens that is held in place by a brass split ring. The dust cap is missing. The tooled motifs are nos 7, 13, 67, 68, 69, roll 1, which are illustrated in G. L'E. Turner, Essays, chap.4 "Decorative Tooling on 17th and 18th Century Microscopes and Telescopes" (no.60m). It is shown that these fall into the period 1660-1700, and are often to be found on optical instruments by John Yarwell (1648-1712). However, this small microscope may have come from the workshop of John Marshall (1663-1725), who had a 'trade war' with Yarwell (see Bryden and Simms, cited below). A similar, but larger, microscope in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, is illustrated in G. L'E. Turner, Collecting Microscopes, p.38. The same pattern is pictured on Yarwell's trade card dated 1683 at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, Cambridge (op. cit., p.39). At the Science Museum, London, is a closely similar small microscope bearing a few stamps of similar design, but it is not signed (1954-290).
See Colour Illustration and Details
unsigned, datable to circa 1680, in lignum vitae, tooled leather, vellum and brass -- 9in. (23cm.) high when in use (average); the body tube -- 2 3/8in. (6cm.) diameter; the base -- 2¾in. (7cm.) diameter
The optical tube is in two sections, both the outer and inner are made of pasteboard covered with deep-red morocco leather on the outer, and white vellum on the inner; this has a printed page from a religious tract stuck to the inside. The outer is decorated in three panels by gold tooling, now very dark. A long, threaded brass nose-piece screws into a brass ring at the top of a tripod with straight brass legs. The 2¼in. (5.5cm.) long nose-piece has a small 3/8in. (0.9cm.) diameter plano-convex objective lens (possibly a replacement) in a push-on brass cell with a 3mm aperture, and at the top of the inner tube is the 1 3/16in. (3cm.) diameter field lens, also biconvex, and with a few air bubbles, as generally found at this period. The eyepiece mount contains the 11/16in. (1.8cm.) diameter biconvex eye lens that is held in place by a brass split ring. The dust cap is missing. The tooled motifs are nos 7, 13, 67, 68, 69, roll 1, which are illustrated in G. L'E. Turner, Essays, chap.4 "Decorative Tooling on 17th and 18th Century Microscopes and Telescopes" (no.60m). It is shown that these fall into the period 1660-1700, and are often to be found on optical instruments by John Yarwell (1648-1712). However, this small microscope may have come from the workshop of John Marshall (1663-1725), who had a 'trade war' with Yarwell (see Bryden and Simms, cited below). A similar, but larger, microscope in the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford, is illustrated in G. L'E. Turner, Collecting Microscopes, p.38. The same pattern is pictured on Yarwell's trade card dated 1683 at the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, Cambridge (op. cit., p.39). At the Science Museum, London, is a closely similar small microscope bearing a few stamps of similar design, but it is not signed (1954-290).
See Colour Illustration and Details
出版
BRYDEN, D.J., and SIMMS, D.L., "Spectacles Improved to Perfection and Approved of by the Royal Society", Annals of Science, 50 (1993) pp.1-32
CLIFTON, Gloria, Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-1851 (London, Zwemmer, 1995)
TURNER, G. L'E., Essays on the History of the Microscope (Oxford, Senecio, 1980) chapter 4
TURNER, G. L'E., Collecting Microscopes (London, Studio Vista, 1981)
CLIFTON, Gloria, Directory of British Scientific Instrument Makers 1550-1851 (London, Zwemmer, 1995)
TURNER, G. L'E., Essays on the History of the Microscope (Oxford, Senecio, 1980) chapter 4
TURNER, G. L'E., Collecting Microscopes (London, Studio Vista, 1981)
注意事項
No VAT will be charged on the hammer price, but VAT at 17.5% will be added to the buyer's premium which is invoiced on a VAT inclusive basis.