A group of related vases are illustrated in The Special Exhibition of K'ang-hsi, Yung-cheng and Ch'ieng-lung Porcelain Ware in the Ch'ing Dynasty, National Palace Museum, Catalogue, nos. 131-137. The introduction commonts on their innovative style and notes "...new skills were brought into play. During 1743 the newly created interlocked, rotating vases, which required extraordinary technical mastery, were presented for the first time to the Emperor. This period was notable for the production of such interlocking and rotating wares, which required special skills". The skills and techniques involved were developed under the joint management of Tang Ying, supervisor of the Imperial kilns, and Lao Ko, the resident manager