Guan nei hou yin may be translated "Seal of the Marquis of Shaanxi". The rank of Guan nei hou was the nineteenth of twenty official ranks in Shaanxi province during the Han Dynasty. For a full description of this seal mark refer to Liang Han Guanyin Huikao, 1993, p.189

Compare a gilt-bronze tortoise seal bearing the characters Guan zhong hou yin in the Qing Xi Liu Zhen, the Imperial Seal Collection of the Emperor Qianlong, and illustrated in Masterpieces of Chinese Seals in the National Palace Museum (Taipei), Gakken, Tokyo, 1976, no. 43. See also the Catalogue for the exhibition, A Selection of the Treasures of Archaeological Finds of the People's Republic of China, 1976-1984, Palace Museum, Beijing, Beijing, col. pl. nos. 276, 277, and 278 for three Han Dynasty gold tortoise seals of varying style. A similar example is also in the Fuji Yurinkan Museum of Art, Kyoto, illustrated in Treasures from Private Museums of Art in Japan, p. 117, and catalogued as 'A gold seal used by Lord Sutoku, Han Dynasty'

ÿ seal with the characters Guan zhong hou yin, which may also be translated "Seal of the Marquis of Shaanxi", was sold Christie's Swire, Hong Kong, March 19-21, 1990, lot 401