Lot Essay
According to Qing court regulations jade seals and books were presented to an empress, empress dowager or grand empress dowager, sometimes in lieu of a gold seal or book, when she was appointed or honored with a laudatory title. For a jade seal carved with both seal characters and Manchu characters see the dated Qianlong example surmounted by addorsed dragons included in the exhibition, Treasures from the Palace Museum, Japan, 1982, Catalogue no. 2