A SHAKUDO AND GILT COPPER COFFEE URN

Details
A SHAKUDO AND GILT COPPER COFFEE URN
MIDDLE EDO PERIOD (CIRCA 1720)

Raised on three Chinese-style legs surmounted by lion masks, the Dutch-form kettle has a bulbous base and bell-form neck and is fitted with three dragon-headed spouts with thunder fish as stopcocks. On either side of the body are two shaped panels with stylized Chinese landscapes of trees, lakes, pagodas, pavilions and birds in flight; these are executed in shakudo, with some trees worked in the round, on a gilt nanako ground; encircling the body where the two hemispheres join are two lappet and wave bands between areas of stylized scrolling foliage, all lightly engraved and gilded on the shakudo ground; the two gilt branch-form handles are fitted with sprigs of leaves and flowers [some missing] and the conical cover is divided into three bands with shakudo birds, flowers and trees on a gilt nanako ground; gilt interior---height 12 l/2 inches (31.8 cm.)

Lot Essay

This category of metalwork was thought for many years to be Chinese in origin and was known as Tonkin Ware. Numerous examples of this easily recognizable group are well-represented in the collections of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Victoria & Albert in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Although the records of the Dutch East India Company have not yet revealed specific descriptions of these wares in shipping manifests, it seems probable that they left Japan through Deshima. One known example bears a late 17th century date and a cup and saucer in the Metropolitan Museum of Art is dated 1735; it would appear that the manufacture of this ware did not continue past the middle of the 18th century.

The view generally held today is that Nagasaki was most probably the place of manufacture, but whether the craftsmen were Chinese or native Japanese remains an unresolved point. The markedly Chinese character of the spouts, stopcocks and feet on this present example could be taken as support of the argument for alien craftsmen.

The majority of the extant pieces take the form of Dutch originals, such as tobacco boxes, tea sets, cups & saucers, tea kettles and coffee urns, such as this present example. This would point to the Low Countries as the principal source of demand. Although the dominant subject matter was Chinese scenery with trees, pagodas, pavilions, etc., some examples exist depicting Asian versions of Europeans at various pursuits. This same style of zeitmotif appears in late 17th century English and European silver with chinoiserie designs and the earliest hausmaler painting on Meissen porcelains.

In almost all cases, the decorations are executed in shakudo, sometimes in the round, against a gilded ground, frequently in nanako; gilt incised lines against a shakudo ground were also used. The gilding on mounts and interiors was of good quality and with a strong, bright color.