A MARBLE PORTRAIT RELIEF

Details
A MARBLE PORTRAIT RELIEF
ATTRIBUTED TO GIAN CRISTOFORO ROMANO, NORTH ITALIAN, LATE 15TH CENTURY

Perhaps that of Isabella d'Este and shown in profile to the left, wearing a jewel on her forehead secured by a ribbon around the crown of her head, a cross on her bosom hanging from a triple looped gold chain and a court dress with slashed puffed sleeves --17½in. (44cm.) high x 12¼in. (31cm.) high, within a giltwood and blue painted frame

Provenance
Arnold Seligmann, Rey and Co., New York
F.A. Stern, New York
Paul Drey, New York
Piero Tozzi, New York, 1962
Literature
COMPARATIVE LITERATURE:
G.F. Hill, A Corpus of Italian Medals of the Renaissance before Cellini, London, 1930, no. 215, pl. 38
D. Chambers and J. Martineau, eds. Splendours of the Gonzaga, exhibition catalog Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 1981, pp. 159-60, cat. nos. 108-9, and plate 46
C. De Benedictis, 'Per Gian Cristoforo Romano', Antichità Viva, vol. XXIX, nos. 1-3, January - June 1985 [festschrift for Luisa Becherucci], pp. 135-37: 137 (illus. fig. 4). Hypothetically identified with untraced "testa di marmo de l'effigie nostra" commissioned by Isabella in letter to Gian Cristoforo Romano of 12 October 1506.
A. Radcliffe, M. Baker and M. Maek-Gérard, The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection: Renaissance and Later Sculpture, London, 1992, cat. # 5
S. Ferino-Pagden, 'La Prima Donna del Mondo' Isabella D'Este, exhibition catalogue, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, 1994
Exhibited
Eighteenth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters, Detroit Institute of Arts, 7 January - 20 February 1938, no. 91 (illus.), citing attribution of Wilhelm Bode, who believed it was a portrait of Anna Sforza (died 1497). Lent by Arnold Seligmann, Rey and Co., New York. Hypothetically identified as the portrait of Isabella mentioned in correspondence of 1492.
Mostra Mercato Internazionale dell'Antiquariato, Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, 1961, stand no. 126 (F.A. Stern, New York)

Lot Essay

The portrait depicts a youngish, quite pretty, woman with luxuriant wavy hair, neatly combed and worn loose, falling behind her shoulders. She has a slightly recessive chin, with an incipient double chin below and a pointed nose with a discernible bridge. In all these particulars she resembles the famous drawing in the Louvre made in 1490 by Leonardo da Vinci of that great patroness of humanist learning and of the arts, Isabella d'Este, Marchesa of Mantua (1474-1539), who had married Francesco Gonzago in 1490. Isabella's flowing hair was remarked upon as early as 1501 in Equicola's De mulieribus and again by G.G. Trissino in his I Ritratti delle Bellissime Donne d'Italia, written in 1514, and the hair constitutes the most most remarkable and subtly rendered feature of the present portrait.

The slashed sleeves and beribboned shoulders of her court dress are recorded more legibly in a copy in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. The sculptor's interpretation varies very slightly in giving his sitter a less rounded tip to the nose and in the distance of the eyebrow above the eye itself, but no more than is to be expected in renderings of a particular subject by different artists in diverse media.

Leonardo's drawing is more flattering that the contemporaneous documented medallic portrait of Isabella by Gian Cristoforo Romano, the clearest example of which is the cast in gold set in a frame ornamented with diamond that is in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (1981 cat., plate 49). It has much in common with the present rendering in marble.

The crisply incisive cutting and confident rendering of volumes, as well as the emphasis on accurate depiction of details of fashionable women's attire, in the present portrait also recall the similar features in the masterly bust by Gian Cristoforo of Isabella's younger sister Beatrice, Duchess of Milan (d. 1497), that is now in the Louvre.
Another close comparison can be made with the terracotta bust thought to be of Isabella attributed to Gian Cristoforo Romano now in the Thyssen Collection. The facial features, the treatment of the hair and the costume are similar. The artistic intent in both the present marble relief in profile and the fully conceived terracotta bust appeal to the sitter's vanity without idealizing her looks.