James-Edward Stuart (1688-1766), called the "Old Pretender" or Chevalier of Saint-George. He was the son of King James II who had to flee to France after the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Louis XIV granted them an exile court at Saint-Germain. The present miniature was probably painted at this moment. For two miniature of the sitter's son, see lots 134 and 185.