Details
Henri Edmond Cross (1856-1910)

La Lavandière

signed lower right Henri Edmond Cross, oil on canvas
25 5/8 x 36¼in. (65 x 92cm.)

Painted in 1895-1896
Provenance
Ambroise Vollard, Paris, by whom acquired directly from the artist in 1901
Literature
I. Compin, H. E. Cross, Paris, 1964, no. 50 (illustrated p. 139 by a sketch taken from a letter written from Cross to Maximilien Luce on 21 September 1895).
Exhibited
Probably Paris, Galerie Charpentier, Beautés de la Provence, 1947, no. 30

Lot Essay

In October of 1891 Cross left Paris with Irma Clare, his future wife, and went to live on the Côte d'Azur, It was there, in the small village of Cabasson, lost between the Mediterranean pines and the sea, that he painted his first pointillist landscapes. This affiliation with the Neo-impressionist group was forged earlier in the year when he exhibited a large divisionist portrait of Irma at the Salon des Indépendants. Having, right up until that time, remained a loyal follower of Courbet, Monet and Pissarro, it appears that this sylistic transition to pointillism took place almost overnight. For the following twenty years Cross remained loyal to the technique which he developed and experimented with in a myriad of ways.

The year 1895 marked an important point in this development and in the way he was perceived by other members of the group such as Signac, Luce and Angrand. Rather than absorbing the concepts of others he became a guiding influence. Isabelle Compin (op. cit., p. 42.) writes, "Ce fut précisément dès 1895 que Cross, pour sa part, fit montre de recherches nouvelles. Signac, lucide, s'aperçut d'ailleurs aussitot de ce changement et devant deux des toites de Cross allait montrer chez Bing, il notait: 'Nous sortons de la dure et utile période d'analyse où toutes nos études se ressemblaient entre elles pour entrer dans celle de la crèation personnelle et variée'.

"Fortifié par la sévère discipline néo-impressioniste, Cross cherchant désormais à la dépasser. Avec elle, comme avec la représentation littérale de la nature, il allait prendre plus de libertés et c'est ainsi que, de 1895-1903, se fit son évolution vers un art plus personnel dans lequel, comme l'ecrivant Signac, 'la technique cède la place à la sensation'".

Rather than strictly following the rigid rules of the science of pointillism, Cross adapted and re-shaped them to form a more mature and expressive style.

La Lavandère is one of a group of paintings in which Cross has expressed this more liberal and personal approach. Referring to this group, Compin goes on to say "ces oeuvresont un caracère commun: ce sont toutes des scènes de plein air, que baigne la lumière solaire. Mi si les figures leur disputent la première place, les éléments naturels y jouent un rôle important: là où ils semblent ne devoir servir que de fond, ils constituent cependant toujours un facteur indispensable à la composition et à l'harmonie... Il rest fidèle aux principes de la division, mais ayant acquis la conviction que la lumière est chose impossible, à reprodure, il cherche seulement à suggérer son intensité par l'exaltation des teintes".

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