AN IMPORTANT EMPIRE AMBOYNA AND ORMOLU-MOUNTED TABLE ORRERY CLOCK

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AN IMPORTANT EMPIRE AMBOYNA AND ORMOLU-MOUNTED TABLE ORRERY CLOCK
Raingo Freres & Leroy et Fils

the Neo-classical case in the form of a Doric rotunda, the plinth banded by a flowered-ribbon trellis supporting four tapered columns with flower-wreathed torus mouldings, corresponding decoration on the bezel of the silvered Roman dial signed Leroy & Fils Hrs. du Roi, Raingo Freres Hrs Bte. du Roi A Paris, blued moon hands, concentric calendar ring with corresponding planetry sign indicated by a double-ended arrow-head hand, the movement with twin going barrels, deadbeat escapement with gridiron pendulum suspended directly behind the dial, countwheel strike on bell, the cornice above surmounted by a band of gilt-metal Zodiac bas-relief tablets encircling the mechanical tellurium with indirect drive from the clock movement or with optional manual ivory-handled crank drive, the tellurium rotating anti-clockwise and demonstrating the motions of the earth and moon in relation to the sun with horizontal Bisextile dial with independant four-year-going barrel wound through the dial; the tellurium fullfilling the following functions;
1. Days of the month and month of the year
2. Position of the sun in the Ecliptic
3. The Bisextile (leap year) cycle
4. The age and phase of the moon
5. The sidereal period of the moon
6. The approximate declination of the sun
7. The approximate lines of sunrise and sunset in the Northern Hemisphere
8. Solar time

26½in. (67.5cm.) high
13¼in. (35cm.) diam. of base
Provenance
Sold in these rooms, 18 July 1979, Lot 94, for ¨21,000 to Major Heathcote, thence by family descent
Literature
Derek Roberts Continental and American skeleton clocks, 1989, p. 121, fig. 114

COMPARATIVE LITERATURE:
Tardy, La Pendule Française, 1981, 5th. ed., p. 224, pl. LXXII & LXXIII, pp. 338-41, pl.
Cedric Jagger, Royal Clocks, the British Monarchy & its Timekeepers 1300-1900, pp.168-70, figs. 229-31

Lot Essay

Raingo was of French extraction and fled (probably for political reasons) to Gand, Belgium at the beginning of the 19th. century and almost certainly remained there for the rest of his life. He is also recorded as being clockmaker to the Duc de Chatres in 1823. The company subsequently became Raingo Frères circa 1825 and operated from various Paris addresses.
The word orrery is defined by H. Alan Lloyd op. cit. as a mechanical device for portraying the relative motions of the sun, moon and the earth, with sometimes the addition of the planets; operated either by hand or clockwork. The first known English example was made by George Graham circa 1710 and had the joint signatures of Tompion and Graham. History has it that John Rowley subsequently copied Graham's orrery (four examples of Rowley's clocks exist in the Old Ashmolean Musuem). One of these was bought by the 4th. Earl of Orrery and it is purported that it was the famous essayist Sir Richard Steele who then suggested the instrument should thereafter be called an orrery, in the Earl's honour!
It is not known how many examples of Raingo's orrery exist, perhaps 15-20 still survive. Those that are known take on the same basic form of a tellurium with the clock movement suspended below within a rotunda. Most examples have amboyna-veneered cases with rich ormolu mounts. A very few have large similarly veneered plinths with musical movements inside. Two other variants are constructed entirely of ormolu and bronze, one is housed in the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire, Brussels, the other in a private collection.
It is known that Antide Janvier, 1751-1835, had a degree of involvement with the construction of these instruments and indeed an almost identical example to the present clock survives with the signature Antide Janvier à l'Institute. Whether all of Raingo's telleria were actually made by Janvier is unlikely but the catalyst most certainly came from Janvier's masterpiece, the celebrated Sphère Mouvante.
The closest example to the present clock is in the library at Windsor Castle and almost all of the remaining examples are now in museums around the world

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