Napolean III aided Victor Emmanuel II when Sardinia was invaded by the Austrians who were eventually defeated, thereafter by the Treaty of Villafranca, Lombardy was ceded to to Sardinia and in 1860 Modena, Parma, the Romagna and Tuscany were peacefully annexed to Sardinia. Sicily and Naples were added by Garibaldi and in February 1861 Victor Emmanuel was proclaimed the first King of Italy at Turin, whence the capital of Italy was transferred to Florence.