Founded in 1657, the Accademia del Cimento was the first organised scientific academy, and achieved remarkable results despite existing for no more than a decade. Its ten members included Vincenzo Viviani, the pupil of Galileo and Toricelli, Giovanni Borelli, Francesco Redi and Niels Stensen (Steno), while it was the secretary Lorenzo Magalotti who prepared the Saggi, the academy's only publication, for the press. Duke Leopold of Tuscany, a gifted amateur who devised a number of instruments, acted as patron. The Saggi contains a description of the first true thermometer, the first true hygrometer, and an improved barometer, and gives accounts of now classic experiments on air pressure, the velocity of sound, radiant heat, phosphorescence, and the expansion of water in freezing.