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拍品專文
Coffee was imported into Europe without the accompanying service. The lack of examples caused European craftsmen to develop the coffee service themselves.
Initially the water kettle was used to make coffee. However, the shape of the body of these kettles made them unsuited for this purpose while the coffee-grounds were poured out together with the coffee. To prevent this from happening the first coffee-pots were designed with a conical shaped body and a spout placed high against the side. If the coffee was poured gently at an angle of 45 degrees, the coffee grounds stayed behind. The oldest extant silver coffee pot of this type was made in London in 1681/1682.
By the end of the 17th Century, besides these conical-shaped pots, all sorts of coffee urns were made. At the same time the first coffee pots and urns made of china were imported from Japan and China, and faience vessels were made in Delft. The oldest surviving Dutch silver coffee-pot, a coffee urn, was made by Horatius van der Velde from Arnhem c. 1690.
The present coffee-pot is of the conical type with a spout. It seems as if the silversmith was still in search of the ideal design for a coffee-pot. The spout for example is placed too low to prevent the coffee grounds from being poured out. The second thing is the position of the handle at a right angle to the spout. This is a feature known from mocca-pots, but is only found in early coffee-pots.
The shape and decoration of the pot relate closely to a coffee urn made by Hendrik Danielsz van Pruysen in 1699 (depicted in Meesterwerken in zilver, no.79; cf. De Lorm, p.77). The only significant difference seems to be appliance of a tap instead of a spout. Both have a six-lobed body supported by three dolphin-shaped feet. Along the bottom is a beaded rim above which a wavy rim is soldered. The same rim is also applied along the upper edge. The six-lobed lids are decorated with flowers in cut-card technique, the thumb piece is in the shape of a stylised foliate motif. The foliate decorations on the body of both pots are also done in the cut-card technique. They emphasize the places where the feet, spout and handle are attached to the body. The cut-card technique requires much labour and was only applied during a short period in The Netherlands, from c. 1675 until 1730.
Other examples to which the present coffee-pot relates are: The above mentioned coffee urn by Horatius van der Velde from Arnhem c. 1690 (Koffie in Nederland, p.62); a coffee urn made around 1700 (Sale Amsterdam, Fred. Muller, 26-11-1901); a coffee pot with a spout made by Amsterdam silversmith Philippus Adolphi in 1707 (Meesterwerken in zilver, no.82); and a coffee urn made in Amsterdam by Otto Albrink in 1714 (Frederiks J.W., plate 91).
Literature:
Exh. Cat. Meesterwerken in zilver. Amsterdams zilver 1520-1820, Amsterdam, Museum Willet Holthuysen, 1984.
Frederiks, J.W. Dutch silver II, 's-Gravenhage, 1958.
Kleyn, J. de, "De kraantjeskan met conische vorm, een oud type koffiekan", in: Antiek, 1972/1973, pp.433-445.
Lorm, J.R. de, Amsterdams Goud en Zilver, Zwolle, 1999, pp.74-75,77.
Reinders, P. et al., Koffie in Nederland. Vier eeuwen cultuurgeschiedenis, Zutphen, 1994.
See illustration
Initially the water kettle was used to make coffee. However, the shape of the body of these kettles made them unsuited for this purpose while the coffee-grounds were poured out together with the coffee. To prevent this from happening the first coffee-pots were designed with a conical shaped body and a spout placed high against the side. If the coffee was poured gently at an angle of 45 degrees, the coffee grounds stayed behind. The oldest extant silver coffee pot of this type was made in London in 1681/1682.
By the end of the 17th Century, besides these conical-shaped pots, all sorts of coffee urns were made. At the same time the first coffee pots and urns made of china were imported from Japan and China, and faience vessels were made in Delft. The oldest surviving Dutch silver coffee-pot, a coffee urn, was made by Horatius van der Velde from Arnhem c. 1690.
The present coffee-pot is of the conical type with a spout. It seems as if the silversmith was still in search of the ideal design for a coffee-pot. The spout for example is placed too low to prevent the coffee grounds from being poured out. The second thing is the position of the handle at a right angle to the spout. This is a feature known from mocca-pots, but is only found in early coffee-pots.
The shape and decoration of the pot relate closely to a coffee urn made by Hendrik Danielsz van Pruysen in 1699 (depicted in Meesterwerken in zilver, no.79; cf. De Lorm, p.77). The only significant difference seems to be appliance of a tap instead of a spout. Both have a six-lobed body supported by three dolphin-shaped feet. Along the bottom is a beaded rim above which a wavy rim is soldered. The same rim is also applied along the upper edge. The six-lobed lids are decorated with flowers in cut-card technique, the thumb piece is in the shape of a stylised foliate motif. The foliate decorations on the body of both pots are also done in the cut-card technique. They emphasize the places where the feet, spout and handle are attached to the body. The cut-card technique requires much labour and was only applied during a short period in The Netherlands, from c. 1675 until 1730.
Other examples to which the present coffee-pot relates are: The above mentioned coffee urn by Horatius van der Velde from Arnhem c. 1690 (Koffie in Nederland, p.62); a coffee urn made around 1700 (Sale Amsterdam, Fred. Muller, 26-11-1901); a coffee pot with a spout made by Amsterdam silversmith Philippus Adolphi in 1707 (Meesterwerken in zilver, no.82); and a coffee urn made in Amsterdam by Otto Albrink in 1714 (Frederiks J.W., plate 91).
Literature:
Exh. Cat. Meesterwerken in zilver. Amsterdams zilver 1520-1820, Amsterdam, Museum Willet Holthuysen, 1984.
Frederiks, J.W. Dutch silver II, 's-Gravenhage, 1958.
Kleyn, J. de, "De kraantjeskan met conische vorm, een oud type koffiekan", in: Antiek, 1972/1973, pp.433-445.
Lorm, J.R. de, Amsterdams Goud en Zilver, Zwolle, 1999, pp.74-75,77.
Reinders, P. et al., Koffie in Nederland. Vier eeuwen cultuurgeschiedenis, Zutphen, 1994.
See illustration