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MEDICAL TEXTS, in Latin, including ANTONIUS GUAINERIUS (d.1450), Commentarium de pleuresi, De egritudinibus propriis mulierum, Summarium de febribus, De peste; AVICENNA (980-1037), De viribus cordis; SALADIN DE ASCOLI (fl. c.1450), Consilium circa preservationem metuendae pestis; BARTOLOMEUS DE MONTAGNANA (c.1380-1452), De podagra; GALEN (129-199), Liber de facile acquisibilibus; MARSILIUS DE SANCTA SOPHIA (d.1405), De regimine febris syncopalis, De regimine accidencium febris; GIOVANNI (?) DE SANCTA SOPHIA, De febribus; BARTOLOMEUS DE AVERSA, De febribus, MANUSCRIPT ON PAPER
Padua, 1464
345 x 237mm. ii (i as pastedown) + 246 leaves: 111(xii cancelled blank), 212, 310, 414, 512, 6 10, 712, 89(of 12, x-xii cancelled blanks), 9-1012, 113, 1210, 13-1412, 1513, of 12 + xiii), 16-1910, 2012, 2110, 2212, 238, APPARENTLY COMPLETE, some gatherings with catchwords at lower edge of final versos and signatures on first rectos of some gatherings, 51-57 lines written in a variety of scripts and inks between four verticals and two horizontals ruled in plummet, some folios with all horizontals ruled, justification: 213 x 63-29-63mm, some larger initials and chapter headings in red, some text capitals touched red, many headings and initials never supplied (slight spotting in margins, water staining ff.230-246). Contemporary brown leather stamped in blind over wooden boards (rubbed, water damage to lower cover, tear to spine, lacking four added clasps).
PROVENANCE:
1. Erasmus Ammanus of Regensburg: the colophon on f.224v gives the name of the scribe, Erasmus of Regensburg, doctor of arts and medicine, and the date 1 June 1464. The date is repeated in his colophon on f.90 and the date with the place, Padua, in his colophons on ff.21v and 29v; the text on tumours had been collected in Padua, according to the list of contents on the first pastedown. Erasmus Ammanus of Regensburg was accepted by the university of Padua as doctor of arts and medicine in June 1464 (G. Pengo, Actum graduum academicorum gymnasii Patavani 1461-1474, nos 342-4). He is presumably the Erasmus Ammanus de Alteneglesheim (Eglofsheim by Regensburg), who matriculated at Vienna in 1445 (Die Matrikel der Universität Wien 1377-1450, 1956, I, p.242) and whose career can be charted from his other manuscripts. In 1454 he was copying the commentary on Avicenna by the Viennese doctor, Johannes de Valle Eni, in praeclaro studio Wiennensis, which he annotated with his academic progress: master of arts in 1455 and of medicine in 1456, with further examinations in 1457 and 1458. He began his copy of Petrus de Tussignano, also on Avicenna, as 'master of arts studying medicine' and completed it in 1457 as a graduate in medicine. He may have written his copy of the Paduan authority, Jacobus de Sanativis, on Avicenna in Padua, since that is also signed as Doctor. Two other manuscripts from his collection are known: Arnaldus de Villanova's Speculum Medicinae, written in 1417, and a manuscript inherited in 1480 from Ulrich, an apothecary of Buda, perhaps an indication that he had returned to Austria or southern Germany. For these manuscripts see H. Menhardt, Handschriftenverzeichnis der Kärntner Bibliotheken, I, 1927, Klagenfurt, Studienbibliothek (now the Universitätsbibliothek) Pap. 92, 97, 123, 69, 95).
2. A.D.E. 1534: cut into the pastedown on the lower cover.
3. Jesuits of Millstatt, Austria: inscription f.1 and M painted on the upper cover. In 1598 the Jesuits were granted the house of the military Order of St George in Millstatt, which the Order had taken over from the Benedictines in 1469. Erasmus's volumes in Klagenfurt share the same provenance and Klagenfurt, Ms Pap. 97, is said to have come from the Knights of St George, who are likely to have owned them all. The Jesuits were surpressed in 1773 and the Millstatt Library was one of the founding collections of the Studienbibliothek in Klagenfurt, now the Universitätsbibliothek.
CONTENT:
ff.1-11 Antonius Guainerius, Commentarium de pleuresi (Thorndike, 1963, 1053); ff.12-21v Avicenna, translated by Arnaldus de Villanova, De viribus cordis (Thorndike, 1963, 273); ff.22-23v Saladin de Ascoli, Consilium circa preservationem metuendae pestis, of 1448 (Thorndike, 1963, 253, 259); ff.24-29v Bartolomeus de Montagnana, De podagra, opening Non est possibile humanam vitam, excerpted from his Consilia (T. Pesenti, Professori e promotori di medecina nello studio di Padova dal 1405 al 1509, 1984, pp.146, 151-2); ff.29v-36 Galen, Liber de facile acquisibilibus, translated by Niccolò da Reggio 1336, as recorded in the colophon (Thorndike, 1963, 1227); ff.36-43v collection of recipes running alphabetically from Aurea alexandrina R. assari to zinziber, with additions ending with Preparatio lapis lazuli (Thorndike, 1963, 165); ff.43v-47v Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, as recorded in the colophon, De regimine febris syncopalis, opening Hec febris est difficile cure; ff.48-59v treatise on tumours, opening Quonia[m] michi scripsistis in tumorem; f.59v treatise on fistulas (Thorndike, 1963, 107); ff.60-90 Antonius Guainerius, De egritudinibus propriis mulierum (Thorndike, 1963, 852); ff.91-117v treatise on fevers and the humours, opening Antequam febrium humoralium; ff.118-164v Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, De regimine accidencium febris, opening Circa primam quarti defecias; ff.165-196 Antonius Guainerius, Summarium de febribus (Thorndike, 1963, 1592); ff.196v-224v Antonius Guainerius, De peste (Thorndike, 1963, 280, 1036); ff.225-238v Johannes or Galeacus or Bartolmeus de Sancta Sophia, De febribus (Thorndike, 1963, 304); ff.239-245v Bartolomeus de Aversa, De febribus, opening Capitulum primum tertiane pure. Ut tertiane pure cura; f.246 ruled blank.
At Padua, a notable centre for the study of medicine, Erasmus of Regensburg obtained a prestigious degree as doctor of medicine and extended his knowledge permanently by adding to his library. He had already been assembling texts in Vienna, some in his own hand, and in Padua he had access to new exemplars. Guainerius, the author who predominates in this volume, had taught at Pavia and his work was probably a new discovery for Erasmus in Padua in the 1460s. Guainerius's writings were in demand, for a collected edition was printed in Pavia in 1481. For Guainerius, see L. Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science, IV, 1934 pp.214-231. Neither Bartolomeus d'Aversa nor his treatise on fevers appears in Thorndike. The subject of this apparently rare text may have led Erasmus to extend his compilation to include an authority from Perugia. Bartolomeus d'Aversa lectured there in 1427, for an uncertain period, and again in 1430.
Since Erasmus of Regensburg was creating a working library to help him in his profession, this volume, like some of his others, has annotations and additions to many of the texts and a table of contents for ease of use. Although Erasmus wrote much of it himself, some sections are clearly by different hands, such as the opening text, Guainerius on pleurisy, ff.1-11, and Guainerius on fevers, ff.165-196. All, however, apart from Erasmus's own copying of Saladin de Ascoli on the plague, ff.22-23v, are written in two columns of similar size, so that Erasmus planned the volume as an entity. The different format of ff.22-23v was probably occasioned by Erasmus's decision to fit in another text at the end of the second gathering. In the interests of speed or economy, Erasmus apparently shared the writing of at least two texts, the treatise on tumours, ff.48-59v, and Guainerius on the plague, ff.225-238v. Speed or economy may also explain the very incomplete state of the headings and large initials, for sections in various hands. Erasmus himself inserted rubrics in his copying of Galen, ff.29v-36, but left other texts unfinished despite his own proficiency with the pen.
The book is a fascinating example of the blurring between professional book-makers and professional book-users in book production and offers an intriguing insight into what a doctor trained in Vienna wanted to acquire in the medical schools of Padua.
Padua, 1464
345 x 237mm. ii (i as pastedown) + 246 leaves: 1
PROVENANCE:
1. Erasmus Ammanus of Regensburg: the colophon on f.224v gives the name of the scribe, Erasmus of Regensburg, doctor of arts and medicine, and the date 1 June 1464. The date is repeated in his colophon on f.90 and the date with the place, Padua, in his colophons on ff.21v and 29v; the text on tumours had been collected in Padua, according to the list of contents on the first pastedown. Erasmus Ammanus of Regensburg was accepted by the university of Padua as doctor of arts and medicine in June 1464 (G. Pengo, Actum graduum academicorum gymnasii Patavani 1461-1474, nos 342-4). He is presumably the Erasmus Ammanus de Alteneglesheim (Eglofsheim by Regensburg), who matriculated at Vienna in 1445 (Die Matrikel der Universität Wien 1377-1450, 1956, I, p.242) and whose career can be charted from his other manuscripts. In 1454 he was copying the commentary on Avicenna by the Viennese doctor, Johannes de Valle Eni, in praeclaro studio Wiennensis, which he annotated with his academic progress: master of arts in 1455 and of medicine in 1456, with further examinations in 1457 and 1458. He began his copy of Petrus de Tussignano, also on Avicenna, as 'master of arts studying medicine' and completed it in 1457 as a graduate in medicine. He may have written his copy of the Paduan authority, Jacobus de Sanativis, on Avicenna in Padua, since that is also signed as Doctor. Two other manuscripts from his collection are known: Arnaldus de Villanova's Speculum Medicinae, written in 1417, and a manuscript inherited in 1480 from Ulrich, an apothecary of Buda, perhaps an indication that he had returned to Austria or southern Germany. For these manuscripts see H. Menhardt, Handschriftenverzeichnis der Kärntner Bibliotheken, I, 1927, Klagenfurt, Studienbibliothek (now the Universitätsbibliothek) Pap. 92, 97, 123, 69, 95).
2. A.D.E. 1534: cut into the pastedown on the lower cover.
3. Jesuits of Millstatt, Austria: inscription f.1 and M painted on the upper cover. In 1598 the Jesuits were granted the house of the military Order of St George in Millstatt, which the Order had taken over from the Benedictines in 1469. Erasmus's volumes in Klagenfurt share the same provenance and Klagenfurt, Ms Pap. 97, is said to have come from the Knights of St George, who are likely to have owned them all. The Jesuits were surpressed in 1773 and the Millstatt Library was one of the founding collections of the Studienbibliothek in Klagenfurt, now the Universitätsbibliothek.
CONTENT:
ff.1-11 Antonius Guainerius, Commentarium de pleuresi (Thorndike, 1963, 1053); ff.12-21v Avicenna, translated by Arnaldus de Villanova, De viribus cordis (Thorndike, 1963, 273); ff.22-23v Saladin de Ascoli, Consilium circa preservationem metuendae pestis, of 1448 (Thorndike, 1963, 253, 259); ff.24-29v Bartolomeus de Montagnana, De podagra, opening Non est possibile humanam vitam, excerpted from his Consilia (T. Pesenti, Professori e promotori di medecina nello studio di Padova dal 1405 al 1509, 1984, pp.146, 151-2); ff.29v-36 Galen, Liber de facile acquisibilibus, translated by Niccolò da Reggio 1336, as recorded in the colophon (Thorndike, 1963, 1227); ff.36-43v collection of recipes running alphabetically from Aurea alexandrina R. assari to zinziber, with additions ending with Preparatio lapis lazuli (Thorndike, 1963, 165); ff.43v-47v Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, as recorded in the colophon, De regimine febris syncopalis, opening Hec febris est difficile cure; ff.48-59v treatise on tumours, opening Quonia[m] michi scripsistis in tumorem; f.59v treatise on fistulas (Thorndike, 1963, 107); ff.60-90 Antonius Guainerius, De egritudinibus propriis mulierum (Thorndike, 1963, 852); ff.91-117v treatise on fevers and the humours, opening Antequam febrium humoralium; ff.118-164v Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, De regimine accidencium febris, opening Circa primam quarti defecias; ff.165-196 Antonius Guainerius, Summarium de febribus (Thorndike, 1963, 1592); ff.196v-224v Antonius Guainerius, De peste (Thorndike, 1963, 280, 1036); ff.225-238v Johannes or Galeacus or Bartolmeus de Sancta Sophia, De febribus (Thorndike, 1963, 304); ff.239-245v Bartolomeus de Aversa, De febribus, opening Capitulum primum tertiane pure. Ut tertiane pure cura; f.246 ruled blank.
At Padua, a notable centre for the study of medicine, Erasmus of Regensburg obtained a prestigious degree as doctor of medicine and extended his knowledge permanently by adding to his library. He had already been assembling texts in Vienna, some in his own hand, and in Padua he had access to new exemplars. Guainerius, the author who predominates in this volume, had taught at Pavia and his work was probably a new discovery for Erasmus in Padua in the 1460s. Guainerius's writings were in demand, for a collected edition was printed in Pavia in 1481. For Guainerius, see L. Thorndike, A History of Magic and Experimental Science, IV, 1934 pp.214-231. Neither Bartolomeus d'Aversa nor his treatise on fevers appears in Thorndike. The subject of this apparently rare text may have led Erasmus to extend his compilation to include an authority from Perugia. Bartolomeus d'Aversa lectured there in 1427, for an uncertain period, and again in 1430.
Since Erasmus of Regensburg was creating a working library to help him in his profession, this volume, like some of his others, has annotations and additions to many of the texts and a table of contents for ease of use. Although Erasmus wrote much of it himself, some sections are clearly by different hands, such as the opening text, Guainerius on pleurisy, ff.1-11, and Guainerius on fevers, ff.165-196. All, however, apart from Erasmus's own copying of Saladin de Ascoli on the plague, ff.22-23v, are written in two columns of similar size, so that Erasmus planned the volume as an entity. The different format of ff.22-23v was probably occasioned by Erasmus's decision to fit in another text at the end of the second gathering. In the interests of speed or economy, Erasmus apparently shared the writing of at least two texts, the treatise on tumours, ff.48-59v, and Guainerius on the plague, ff.225-238v. Speed or economy may also explain the very incomplete state of the headings and large initials, for sections in various hands. Erasmus himself inserted rubrics in his copying of Galen, ff.29v-36, but left other texts unfinished despite his own proficiency with the pen.
The book is a fascinating example of the blurring between professional book-makers and professional book-users in book production and offers an intriguing insight into what a doctor trained in Vienna wanted to acquire in the medical schools of Padua.
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