The Origins of Cyberspace collection described as lots 1-255 will first be offered as a single lot, subject to a reserve price. If this price is not reached, the collection will be immediately offered as individual lots as described in the catalogue as lots 1-255.
KISTER, J.; STEIN, P.; ULAM, Stanislaw; WALDEN, W.; and WELLS, M. "Experiments in chess." In Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 4 (April 1957): 174-77.
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KISTER, J.; STEIN, P.; ULAM, Stanislaw; WALDEN, W.; and WELLS, M. "Experiments in chess." In Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery 4 (April 1957): 174-77.
4o. Original tan printed wrappers; boxed.
THE FIRST PUBLISHED REPORT OF A CHESS-PLAYING COMPUTER PROGRAM (Pratt 1987, 210-11). The authors, all members of the nuclear bomb program at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, programmed the laboratory's MANIAC I computer to play a simplified version of chess using a 6 x 6 board rather than the standard 8 x 8. "The problem of finding methods of play which would enable the machine to produce anything even faintly comparable with the result of human planning is extremely difficult... Before a decision can be made to make a move, an enormous number of positions had to be surveyed if one wants to 'look ahead' for even a moderate number of moves. If we assume that the average number of legal moves at any given stage is of order 20, then to look 3 moves ahead, i.e, 3 by white and 3 by black, would involve consideration of 206 chains of moves... The [Los Alamos program] retains much of the flavor of real chess but is very much simpler... The reason for the reduction of chess to this mutilated version was in order to allow the machine to look two moves ahead, i.e. two by white and two by black. The time taken to consider all chains came out on the average to about 12 minutes per move; thus it was possible to play a game in the course of some hours" (pages. 174-75). The authors concluded by stating that "it would seem that playing such games as chess on a machine serves to illuminate that mechanism by which the human brain operates ... As more and more penetrating studies of games of strategy are made perhaps new insights will be gained into a significant area of knowledge: The organization of thought" (p. 177). The MANIAC I chess program was the first to beat a human competitor in a game; see Hellermans and Bunch 1988, 525. OOC 749.
[With:] HAYES, Jean E. and LEVY, David N. L. The world computer chess championship. Stockholm, 1974. Original gray boards, pictorial dust-jacket. OOC 656.
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THE FIRST PUBLISHED REPORT OF A CHESS-PLAYING COMPUTER PROGRAM (Pratt 1987, 210-11). The authors, all members of the nuclear bomb program at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, programmed the laboratory's MANIAC I computer to play a simplified version of chess using a 6 x 6 board rather than the standard 8 x 8. "The problem of finding methods of play which would enable the machine to produce anything even faintly comparable with the result of human planning is extremely difficult... Before a decision can be made to make a move, an enormous number of positions had to be surveyed if one wants to 'look ahead' for even a moderate number of moves. If we assume that the average number of legal moves at any given stage is of order 20, then to look 3 moves ahead, i.e, 3 by white and 3 by black, would involve consideration of 20
[With:] HAYES, Jean E. and LEVY, David N. L. The world computer chess championship. Stockholm, 1974. Original gray boards, pictorial dust-jacket. OOC 656.
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