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Details
FREDERICK MACKIE (1812-1893)
Autograph manuscript in 7 copybooks, 8vo, dated 22nd, 7th month 1852 -- 25th, 11th month 1855, tiny thumbnail sketches in margins (wrappers of first copybook torn); 1 copybook containing (?copies) of 16 autograph letters signed, together 96 pages, 8vo, dating from 22nd, 2nd month, 1855 -- 7th, 9th month, 1855, from Australia and South Africa to, among others, Rachel Ann May, whom he married in the following year, and his sisters.
with two sketchbooks, the second with original wrappers (Wedgwood's Patent Improved Copy Book 'warranted to keep perfectly good & free from smell in all climates...), 8vo (both 190 x 120mm), the first containing approximately 112 pencil and pen and ink sketches on the recto of 101 leaves of thin paper, the second containing approximately 93 pencil and pen and ink sketches on 85 leaves of thin paper, the majority of sketches titled, comprising:
[Sketchbook 1: The voyage out, Australia and New Zealand, 1852-1854]
A sailor at the wheel of the Wellington off Cape Finisterre, 28th June; Another sailor of the Wellington, 1852; The Dolphin of sailors - Corypheria Hippuris 8 Nov 1852...; Starfish of Vermilion colours with black spots, Swan Port - 12 Nov 1852; Hobart Town 1852; Hobart Town; Launceston 12 Nov 1852; Hobart Town; A medusa in the act of swimming, and Natives of N Zealand; Wellington 1853; Singular rocks at Keiterrateri 40 or 50 ft high and Rd on his route to Nelson, the guide before; The "rata" Metrodideros robusta; Natives at Wellington and On the seashore at Wairau; Mouth of the Wairau 3 Nov 1853; Friends Meeting house, Nelson; Keiterratiri; Dashwoods Pass looking over Wairau Valley; Nelson 1853; In the white bluffs, Wairau; Massacre Hill of ... 17th 1845, Wairau; Barracoota length about 3 ft; Figure head on a canoe at Motueka and The Valley of the Rewaka; Rewaka from Saml Stephens; Redwood's Station, Wakefield Valley and Ti Cordyline Australis...; Nelson 1853; A fungus growing on the ground at Nelson...; Saml Ironside's Nelson; Brook... Nelson; Port Underwood 1; Port Underwood 2; Tree Ferns, New Zealand; Wellington; The "Rata" Metrosideros robusta; "Rata"; A medusa floating... off N.Z. and Rocks at Port Underwood; The "Rata"; Tree fern of New Zealand; Tinakori road, Wellington, New Zealand; Motueka Valley; Blarick, Kaipariti Lake, N Zealand; Nelson; Cluster of rocks at Kaiterraterri; Wakefield Valley Kaipariti hau, with Kaikoras in the distance; Petone Pa with natives returning from fishing under harbour of Port Nicholson; Port Nicholson from the hills behind Wellington; at Parramatta and A vessel in a gale close reefed topsails and A Maori carrying a dog and A chrysalis suspended from shoot of the gum tree, N.S.W.; Sydney from South Head Road (copied); Sydney from Darling Point; Botany bay, a battery and La Perouse's monument; Port Jackson from Dawes Battery Sydney; East Maitland; Glen William School, Clarence Town; Newcastle Heads; Port Underwood [N.Z.]; Tinakori road Wellington, N Zealand; Chusan Steamer from Sydney to Singapore and "Mrs Macquarie's Chair", Sydney; Government House, Sydney; Platycerium (Acrostichum) grande growing on a wall in Botanic Garden, Sydney; A view over Port Nicholson from Tinakori Road, the snow topped Torrima Mountains in the distance; The chain gang mustered after the day's work ready to be searched before going to their quarters for the night - on the back are the initials of the station with the no. P.A. Port Arthur 678 - In the separate treatment a prisoner is required to wear a cap like the above when walking to or from his cell; Port Arthur, Tasman Peninsula; Fern Tree Valley cascades Tasmans Peninsula; Eagle Hawk Neck, Tasmans Peninsula; Distant view of Eagle Hawk neck Tasmans Peninsula and Francis Collins' Kelvedon; Melbourne from Batman's Hill; Cascades Penal Settlement Tasman's Peninsula; Gum Trees St Kilda Melbourne and [Grass trees]; view of the shipping in Hobson's Bay from St Kilda; Geelong; Geelong from Newtown; The marsh land west of Melbourne from Batman's Hill; Melbourne from Batman's Hill looking towards the Flag staff; Chinese at Melbourne and Calwah[?] town; Terra witte coast of N. Zealand Wellington; Terrawitte N. Zealand coast scenery nr Wellington; The eastern head and lighthouse ...to Port Nicholson across the straits; Western Head to Port Nicholson Soames Island; Metrosideros spec frond climbing up a tree in the valley of the Hutt... 1853; Our encampment at Keillor; Melbourne bridge; A view in Rundle St Adelaide. 1854; Jos. Mary's Fairfield Mt Barker; Fairfield Mt. Barker Jos. Mary's residence; Friends Meeting house, Adelaide, South Australia; Grass Trees at T... hills; River Murray 250 yds wide 80 or 100 miles from its mouth; Mt. Barker from Jos. Mary's; Harrington Park in Camden N.S.W., Abraham Davy's; View from the Flagstaff - Sydney (Balmain - North Shore); Johnstone's Bay Sydney (Pyrmmont - Balmain); A view in Port Jackson (Balmain - Goat Island); Freinds Meeting House, Sydney 1854 with Burial Ground; Johnstone's Bay from Pyrmont, Sydney; Springfield. Darling Point Sydney - Samuel Smith's Residence; View from Samuel Smyth's; Waterloo Point (Swansea) Swan Port V.D.L.; Native Bread... V.D.L.; Rocks at Swan Port; Kelvedon, Swan Port V.D.L.; The Grange Swan Port V.D.L. and Rocks at Swan Port V.D.L.; and Kelvedon, F. Cotton's
[Sketchbook 2 titled 'Drawings No 2' on upper cover, Australia and South Africa, c.1854-1855]
[Australian landscape]; Glencoe or Handscrabble - the residence of Thos. John & Tilney Cotton; Rocky hills Swan Port. A deserted Probation Station; Coast scene, Swan Port; Gold washing at Ballarat; The Flat, Ballarat; [Goldfields, Ballarat]; Ballarat; Bendigo; Camp at Creswick Creek; Castlemaine; Melbourne from the Flag Staff; Bush Inn, Rockingham, Western Australia; Entrance to the Swan, Fremantle, Western Australia; Perth, Western Australia; M W Clifton's residence, Australind; Zania of Western Australia; View from the Malay Burial Ground, Cape Town; A view in Cape Town; Devil's Hill & Table Mountain, Cape Town; Caoe Town; An Australian eagle and Nicotiana; Table Mountain, Cape Town; Port Elizabeth, Algoa Bay; Uitenhage; Euphorbia and Aloe virescens; Outspanning at noon; Fingoe Huts; Travelling to Grahams Town; Schiet Kop... 1855; Howison's Poort at Grahams Town; [Wagon drawn by 14 oxen]; Somerset; Brentjis Hoogte looking northwards over Karoo county between Somerset and Graaf Rienet; Euphorbia... in Karoo districts; Thos. Parkes Wheatlands Milk River S. Africa; Land shells - S. Africa; Studies of an ants' nest and Mistletoe growing on euphorbia; High St. Grahams Town; The Zuurberg; Zania and Euphorbia; Road over Zuurberg; Podocarpus elongatus The "Yellow Wood" of S. Africa and Euphorbia; Entrance to Bains Kloof; Th Valley of the Paarl; Bains Kloof; Passes in Bains Kloof (2); Mitchell's Pass; Breakwater and Entrance to Port Natal; Native Kraals & Tabke Mountains near Maritz burg; A view in the Valley of the Umgeni; Ralph Clarence's Farm at the mouth of the Umgeni; Sugar Mill at Springfield, Umgeni; Bushman's River, Natal... Drakensberg Mountains in distance; LadySmith, Natal; Fall of the Umgeni; Fall of the Umgeni - Natal; A view in Church Street, Pieter Maritz Burg, Natal; [A papaya? tree] and Reed Buck; Eden Vale James Alison's nr Maritz Burg; Eden Vale James Alison's nr Maritz Burg, Natal; Pieter Maritz Burg Natal; Market Square, Durban Natal; A fig enveloping another tree - Durban, Natal; Durban, Natal, near the Berea; A view in the Umgeni Valley - Natal; "The Point" Durban, Natal (the "Therese"); A head dress of the married men among the Zulus and Charlie, a young Zulu Kafir; View of Cape Town from Lion's Hill; A view in Market Square, Cape Town; Thos. Grace Pocock's Rondebosch, nr Cape Town; A View in Wynberg nr Cape Town; Lighthouse at Green Point, Cape Town; View of Table Bay; A view in Cape Town; View of Cape Town from the Kloof Road; The Kloof between Table Mountain & Lion's Hill Caoe Town; [View of a residence]; Wanstead William & Mary May's Residence; Wanstead William & Mary May's Residence; Uraparinga Charlotte Coleman's Residence; William & Elizth Sanders Residence; Falls of the South Para River Barossa; Fredk & Emma Mary's Residence; and Friends Meeting House, Mount Barker, Sth Australia
MACKIE'S DIARIES AND SKETCHBOOKS OF HIS MISSIONARY TOUR TO AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND SOUTH AFRICA 1852-1855. Abandoning an early unsuccessful farming career, Mackie's trained as a teacher at Ayton, a school run by the Society of Friends in North Yorkshire. It was there that he met Robert Lindsey, a fellow Quaker who invited him on a missionary tour of the Australasian colonies. Mackie's diaries begin as the pair set sail from Gravesend on the Wellington. They arrived in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, in November 1852 from where they began their tour of the settled areas of Van Diemen's Land, Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales. They continued to New Zealand where they spent six months, and left from Fremantle, Western Australia in 1855 for Cape Town. Mackie's diaries record not only his missionary work but also the colonial social and economic life and the flora and fauna, all enriched by his own sketches. His diary entries regarding his visits to prisons are particularly detailed and emotive. While he was impressed that the convicts had the opportunity to shorten their term through extra work, the sight of men in chains 'was to [him] a heart-sickening and dreadful sight; that man should become so brutalized that he must be treated like a wild beast: but I cannot place it all to their own account, I believe that this brutality is to a great extent the offspring of an evil system'.
The sketchbooks including small but densely drawn and detailed topographical, botanical and natural history subjects along with incidental sketches of his modes of travel, provide an extraordinarily rich visual record of early settlements and scenery in Australia, New Zealand, the Cape and its expanding borders to the north east. Important early Australian views include those of Perth and Fremantle in western Australia, a rare group of early views of Melbourne and St Kilda, and of the Victorian goldfields, the notorious penal settlements and sorry convicts of Tasmania, and in New Zealand, a flurry of fine sketches in and around Queen Charlotte Sound (Port Underwood) and the Marlborough district (Wairau Valley), some of the earliest detailed drawings of these areas in the South Island, as well as plentiful sketches in and around Wellington at the southern end of the North Island. The drawings made at the Cape include rare early views of the streets of the fledgling towns of the Eastern Cape and Natal (including Grahamstown, Pietermaritzberg, and Durban) as well as prolific views of Cape Town and its environs. The topographical sketches are interspersed with deftly observed sketches of the typical native flora and fauna -- including the tree ferns of New Zealand, the eucalypts of Australia and the aloes and euphorbias of the Cape.
The Australasian section of the diaries, illustrating selected sketches from the two sketchbooks, were published as Traveller under Concern, edited by Mary Nicholls (Tasmania, 1973).
[with] Autograph manuscript entitled "Reminiscences of a visit to Calcutta in the Winter of 1862", 30 pages, 8vo. Mackie's account of his visit to Calcutta on a missionary tour with his brother-in-law Edward May. During this tour, Mackie attended the Friends gatherings where he had the opportunity to meet converted Hindus. The simplicity of The Friends religion and the absence of cermonies appealed to the Hindoos but 'it is difficult for us to realize the sacrifices that a Hindoo must generally make if he embraces Christianity, or the temptation, trials & persecution that he undergoes'. As a teacher himself, it is not suprising that Mackie took a particular interest in the education system. 'The desire to learn English is rapidly spreading, as it qualifies the natives to accept appointments under Gov[ernmen]t and to fill responsible posts in merchants office as they are satisfied with a lower wages they are preferred to Europeans'. The Quakers, however, were reticent about exploiting this preference for an English education: 'The missionary schools are generally well attended and frequently preferred to Go[vernmen]t schools; but the operation of many of the missionary societies are restricted in this direction not feeling at liberty to employ their funds for other purposes beside preaching'. Mackie's Reminiscences also include a description of Calcutta, Indian customs and the Bazaar.
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Autograph manuscript in 7 copybooks, 8vo, dated 22nd, 7th month 1852 -- 25th, 11th month 1855, tiny thumbnail sketches in margins (wrappers of first copybook torn); 1 copybook containing (?copies) of 16 autograph letters signed, together 96 pages, 8vo, dating from 22nd, 2nd month, 1855 -- 7th, 9th month, 1855, from Australia and South Africa to, among others, Rachel Ann May, whom he married in the following year, and his sisters.
with two sketchbooks, the second with original wrappers (Wedgwood's Patent Improved Copy Book 'warranted to keep perfectly good & free from smell in all climates...), 8vo (both 190 x 120mm), the first containing approximately 112 pencil and pen and ink sketches on the recto of 101 leaves of thin paper, the second containing approximately 93 pencil and pen and ink sketches on 85 leaves of thin paper, the majority of sketches titled, comprising:
[Sketchbook 1: The voyage out, Australia and New Zealand, 1852-1854]
A sailor at the wheel of the Wellington off Cape Finisterre, 28th June; Another sailor of the Wellington, 1852; The Dolphin of sailors - Corypheria Hippuris 8 Nov 1852...; Starfish of Vermilion colours with black spots, Swan Port - 12 Nov 1852; Hobart Town 1852; Hobart Town; Launceston 12 Nov 1852; Hobart Town; A medusa in the act of swimming, and Natives of N Zealand; Wellington 1853; Singular rocks at Keiterrateri 40 or 50 ft high and Rd on his route to Nelson, the guide before; The "rata" Metrodideros robusta; Natives at Wellington and On the seashore at Wairau; Mouth of the Wairau 3 Nov 1853; Friends Meeting house, Nelson; Keiterratiri; Dashwoods Pass looking over Wairau Valley; Nelson 1853; In the white bluffs, Wairau; Massacre Hill of ... 17th 1845, Wairau; Barracoota length about 3 ft; Figure head on a canoe at Motueka and The Valley of the Rewaka; Rewaka from Saml Stephens; Redwood's Station, Wakefield Valley and Ti Cordyline Australis...; Nelson 1853; A fungus growing on the ground at Nelson...; Saml Ironside's Nelson; Brook... Nelson; Port Underwood 1; Port Underwood 2; Tree Ferns, New Zealand; Wellington; The "Rata" Metrosideros robusta; "Rata"; A medusa floating... off N.Z. and Rocks at Port Underwood; The "Rata"; Tree fern of New Zealand; Tinakori road, Wellington, New Zealand; Motueka Valley; Blarick, Kaipariti Lake, N Zealand; Nelson; Cluster of rocks at Kaiterraterri; Wakefield Valley Kaipariti hau, with Kaikoras in the distance; Petone Pa with natives returning from fishing under harbour of Port Nicholson; Port Nicholson from the hills behind Wellington; at Parramatta and A vessel in a gale close reefed topsails and A Maori carrying a dog and A chrysalis suspended from shoot of the gum tree, N.S.W.; Sydney from South Head Road (copied); Sydney from Darling Point; Botany bay, a battery and La Perouse's monument; Port Jackson from Dawes Battery Sydney; East Maitland; Glen William School, Clarence Town; Newcastle Heads; Port Underwood [N.Z.]; Tinakori road Wellington, N Zealand; Chusan Steamer from Sydney to Singapore and "Mrs Macquarie's Chair", Sydney; Government House, Sydney; Platycerium (Acrostichum) grande growing on a wall in Botanic Garden, Sydney; A view over Port Nicholson from Tinakori Road, the snow topped Torrima Mountains in the distance; The chain gang mustered after the day's work ready to be searched before going to their quarters for the night - on the back are the initials of the station with the no. P.A. Port Arthur 678 - In the separate treatment a prisoner is required to wear a cap like the above when walking to or from his cell; Port Arthur, Tasman Peninsula; Fern Tree Valley cascades Tasmans Peninsula; Eagle Hawk Neck, Tasmans Peninsula; Distant view of Eagle Hawk neck Tasmans Peninsula and Francis Collins' Kelvedon; Melbourne from Batman's Hill; Cascades Penal Settlement Tasman's Peninsula; Gum Trees St Kilda Melbourne and [Grass trees]; view of the shipping in Hobson's Bay from St Kilda; Geelong; Geelong from Newtown; The marsh land west of Melbourne from Batman's Hill; Melbourne from Batman's Hill looking towards the Flag staff; Chinese at Melbourne and Calwah[?] town; Terra witte coast of N. Zealand Wellington; Terrawitte N. Zealand coast scenery nr Wellington; The eastern head and lighthouse ...to Port Nicholson across the straits; Western Head to Port Nicholson Soames Island; Metrosideros spec frond climbing up a tree in the valley of the Hutt... 1853; Our encampment at Keillor; Melbourne bridge; A view in Rundle St Adelaide. 1854; Jos. Mary's Fairfield Mt Barker; Fairfield Mt. Barker Jos. Mary's residence; Friends Meeting house, Adelaide, South Australia; Grass Trees at T... hills; River Murray 250 yds wide 80 or 100 miles from its mouth; Mt. Barker from Jos. Mary's; Harrington Park in Camden N.S.W., Abraham Davy's; View from the Flagstaff - Sydney (Balmain - North Shore); Johnstone's Bay Sydney (Pyrmmont - Balmain); A view in Port Jackson (Balmain - Goat Island); Freinds Meeting House, Sydney 1854 with Burial Ground; Johnstone's Bay from Pyrmont, Sydney; Springfield. Darling Point Sydney - Samuel Smith's Residence; View from Samuel Smyth's; Waterloo Point (Swansea) Swan Port V.D.L.; Native Bread... V.D.L.; Rocks at Swan Port; Kelvedon, Swan Port V.D.L.; The Grange Swan Port V.D.L. and Rocks at Swan Port V.D.L.; and Kelvedon, F. Cotton's
[Sketchbook 2 titled 'Drawings No 2' on upper cover, Australia and South Africa, c.1854-1855]
[Australian landscape]; Glencoe or Handscrabble - the residence of Thos. John & Tilney Cotton; Rocky hills Swan Port. A deserted Probation Station; Coast scene, Swan Port; Gold washing at Ballarat; The Flat, Ballarat; [Goldfields, Ballarat]; Ballarat; Bendigo; Camp at Creswick Creek; Castlemaine; Melbourne from the Flag Staff; Bush Inn, Rockingham, Western Australia; Entrance to the Swan, Fremantle, Western Australia; Perth, Western Australia; M W Clifton's residence, Australind; Zania of Western Australia; View from the Malay Burial Ground, Cape Town; A view in Cape Town; Devil's Hill & Table Mountain, Cape Town; Caoe Town; An Australian eagle and Nicotiana; Table Mountain, Cape Town; Port Elizabeth, Algoa Bay; Uitenhage; Euphorbia and Aloe virescens; Outspanning at noon; Fingoe Huts; Travelling to Grahams Town; Schiet Kop... 1855; Howison's Poort at Grahams Town; [Wagon drawn by 14 oxen]; Somerset; Brentjis Hoogte looking northwards over Karoo county between Somerset and Graaf Rienet; Euphorbia... in Karoo districts; Thos. Parkes Wheatlands Milk River S. Africa; Land shells - S. Africa; Studies of an ants' nest and Mistletoe growing on euphorbia; High St. Grahams Town; The Zuurberg; Zania and Euphorbia; Road over Zuurberg; Podocarpus elongatus The "Yellow Wood" of S. Africa and Euphorbia; Entrance to Bains Kloof; Th Valley of the Paarl; Bains Kloof; Passes in Bains Kloof (2); Mitchell's Pass; Breakwater and Entrance to Port Natal; Native Kraals & Tabke Mountains near Maritz burg; A view in the Valley of the Umgeni; Ralph Clarence's Farm at the mouth of the Umgeni; Sugar Mill at Springfield, Umgeni; Bushman's River, Natal... Drakensberg Mountains in distance; LadySmith, Natal; Fall of the Umgeni; Fall of the Umgeni - Natal; A view in Church Street, Pieter Maritz Burg, Natal; [A papaya? tree] and Reed Buck; Eden Vale James Alison's nr Maritz Burg; Eden Vale James Alison's nr Maritz Burg, Natal; Pieter Maritz Burg Natal; Market Square, Durban Natal; A fig enveloping another tree - Durban, Natal; Durban, Natal, near the Berea; A view in the Umgeni Valley - Natal; "The Point" Durban, Natal (the "Therese"); A head dress of the married men among the Zulus and Charlie, a young Zulu Kafir; View of Cape Town from Lion's Hill; A view in Market Square, Cape Town; Thos. Grace Pocock's Rondebosch, nr Cape Town; A View in Wynberg nr Cape Town; Lighthouse at Green Point, Cape Town; View of Table Bay; A view in Cape Town; View of Cape Town from the Kloof Road; The Kloof between Table Mountain & Lion's Hill Caoe Town; [View of a residence]; Wanstead William & Mary May's Residence; Wanstead William & Mary May's Residence; Uraparinga Charlotte Coleman's Residence; William & Elizth Sanders Residence; Falls of the South Para River Barossa; Fredk & Emma Mary's Residence; and Friends Meeting House, Mount Barker, Sth Australia
MACKIE'S DIARIES AND SKETCHBOOKS OF HIS MISSIONARY TOUR TO AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND SOUTH AFRICA 1852-1855. Abandoning an early unsuccessful farming career, Mackie's trained as a teacher at Ayton, a school run by the Society of Friends in North Yorkshire. It was there that he met Robert Lindsey, a fellow Quaker who invited him on a missionary tour of the Australasian colonies. Mackie's diaries begin as the pair set sail from Gravesend on the Wellington. They arrived in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, in November 1852 from where they began their tour of the settled areas of Van Diemen's Land, Victoria, South Australia and New South Wales. They continued to New Zealand where they spent six months, and left from Fremantle, Western Australia in 1855 for Cape Town. Mackie's diaries record not only his missionary work but also the colonial social and economic life and the flora and fauna, all enriched by his own sketches. His diary entries regarding his visits to prisons are particularly detailed and emotive. While he was impressed that the convicts had the opportunity to shorten their term through extra work, the sight of men in chains 'was to [him] a heart-sickening and dreadful sight; that man should become so brutalized that he must be treated like a wild beast: but I cannot place it all to their own account, I believe that this brutality is to a great extent the offspring of an evil system'.
The sketchbooks including small but densely drawn and detailed topographical, botanical and natural history subjects along with incidental sketches of his modes of travel, provide an extraordinarily rich visual record of early settlements and scenery in Australia, New Zealand, the Cape and its expanding borders to the north east. Important early Australian views include those of Perth and Fremantle in western Australia, a rare group of early views of Melbourne and St Kilda, and of the Victorian goldfields, the notorious penal settlements and sorry convicts of Tasmania, and in New Zealand, a flurry of fine sketches in and around Queen Charlotte Sound (Port Underwood) and the Marlborough district (Wairau Valley), some of the earliest detailed drawings of these areas in the South Island, as well as plentiful sketches in and around Wellington at the southern end of the North Island. The drawings made at the Cape include rare early views of the streets of the fledgling towns of the Eastern Cape and Natal (including Grahamstown, Pietermaritzberg, and Durban) as well as prolific views of Cape Town and its environs. The topographical sketches are interspersed with deftly observed sketches of the typical native flora and fauna -- including the tree ferns of New Zealand, the eucalypts of Australia and the aloes and euphorbias of the Cape.
The Australasian section of the diaries, illustrating selected sketches from the two sketchbooks, were published as Traveller under Concern, edited by Mary Nicholls (Tasmania, 1973).
[with] Autograph manuscript entitled "Reminiscences of a visit to Calcutta in the Winter of 1862", 30 pages, 8vo. Mackie's account of his visit to Calcutta on a missionary tour with his brother-in-law Edward May. During this tour, Mackie attended the Friends gatherings where he had the opportunity to meet converted Hindus. The simplicity of The Friends religion and the absence of cermonies appealed to the Hindoos but 'it is difficult for us to realize the sacrifices that a Hindoo must generally make if he embraces Christianity, or the temptation, trials & persecution that he undergoes'. As a teacher himself, it is not suprising that Mackie took a particular interest in the education system. 'The desire to learn English is rapidly spreading, as it qualifies the natives to accept appointments under Gov[ernmen]t and to fill responsible posts in merchants office as they are satisfied with a lower wages they are preferred to Europeans'. The Quakers, however, were reticent about exploiting this preference for an English education: 'The missionary schools are generally well attended and frequently preferred to Go[vernmen]t schools; but the operation of many of the missionary societies are restricted in this direction not feeling at liberty to employ their funds for other purposes beside preaching'. Mackie's Reminiscences also include a description of Calcutta, Indian customs and the Bazaar.
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