細節
VINTON G. CERF (b. 1943) AND ROBERT E. KAHN (b.1938)
'A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication', in: IEEE Transactions on Communications. Vol. COM-22, no. 5 (May 1974), pp. 637-648. 4° (281 x 216mm). Diagrams in the text. (Occasional light marginal creasing.) Original printed wrappers (a few light marks, corners slightly rubbed and creased).
FIRST PUBLICATION. In the early 1970s the ARPANET and other data networks that were beginning to be constructed around the world were hampered by the fact that each operated according to different hardware and software protocols, thus making it impossible for them to communicate with one another (the ARPANET was using the Network Control Protocol or NCP). This problem was solved by Cerf and Kahn's invention of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) cross-network protocol that ALLOWED THE CREATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF COMPUTER NETWORKS -- THE INTERNET (a term which the authors invented around 1973 as an abbreviation for 'inter-networking of networks'). The authors laid out the architecture of such a network in this paper: 'It describes gateways, which sit between networks to send and receive "datagrams." Datagrams, similar to envelopes, enclose messages and display destination addresses that are recognized by gateways. Datagrams can carry packets of various sizes. The messages within datagrams are called transmission control protocol (TCP) messages. TCP is the standard program, shared by each network, for loading and unloading datagrams; it is the only element of the international network that must be uniform among the small networks, and it is the crucial element that makes global networking possible' (C.J.P. Moschovitis et al., History of the Internet: A Chronology, Santa Barbara, CA: [1999], p. 82). In 1978 TCP was split into TCP and IP for Internet Protocol, and in 1982 the Defense Communications Agency (DCA) and ARPA established the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. This led to one of the first definitions of an 'internet' as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and the 'Internet' as connected TCP/IP internets. On 1 January 1983 ARPANET required that all connected machines use TCP/IP, and on this date TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP entirely. J.M. Norman From Gutenberg to the Internet (Novato, CA: 2005) 13.8; Origins of Cyberspace 528.
'A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication', in: IEEE Transactions on Communications. Vol. COM-22, no. 5 (May 1974), pp. 637-648. 4° (281 x 216mm). Diagrams in the text. (Occasional light marginal creasing.) Original printed wrappers (a few light marks, corners slightly rubbed and creased).
FIRST PUBLICATION. In the early 1970s the ARPANET and other data networks that were beginning to be constructed around the world were hampered by the fact that each operated according to different hardware and software protocols, thus making it impossible for them to communicate with one another (the ARPANET was using the Network Control Protocol or NCP). This problem was solved by Cerf and Kahn's invention of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) cross-network protocol that ALLOWED THE CREATION OF AN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF COMPUTER NETWORKS -- THE INTERNET (a term which the authors invented around 1973 as an abbreviation for 'inter-networking of networks'). The authors laid out the architecture of such a network in this paper: 'It describes gateways, which sit between networks to send and receive "datagrams." Datagrams, similar to envelopes, enclose messages and display destination addresses that are recognized by gateways. Datagrams can carry packets of various sizes. The messages within datagrams are called transmission control protocol (TCP) messages. TCP is the standard program, shared by each network, for loading and unloading datagrams; it is the only element of the international network that must be uniform among the small networks, and it is the crucial element that makes global networking possible' (C.J.P. Moschovitis et al., History of the Internet: A Chronology, Santa Barbara, CA: [1999], p. 82). In 1978 TCP was split into TCP and IP for Internet Protocol, and in 1982 the Defense Communications Agency (DCA) and ARPA established the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET. This led to one of the first definitions of an 'internet' as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and the 'Internet' as connected TCP/IP internets. On 1 January 1983 ARPANET required that all connected machines use TCP/IP, and on this date TCP/IP became the core Internet protocol and replaced NCP entirely. J.M. Norman From Gutenberg to the Internet (Novato, CA: 2005) 13.8; Origins of Cyberspace 528.
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