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HALES, Stephen (1677-1761, natural philosopher). Autograph letter signed ('Stephen Hales') to Mr Joyns, Teddington, 25 December 1750, offering condolences on the death of his brother, condemning the availability of spirits to the working classes, 'These villanies must necessarily increase yearly more & more, while the lower People are made mad by those intoxicating Drams, which by a consummate folly are held in great Profusion to the mouth of the meanest', and asking him to make a payment owed which he requires for 'Charitable uses', one page, 4to, integral address leaf, docketed by recipient, remnant of seal (seal tear, repaired, traces of guards).
Hales was a lifelong opponent of the excessive consumption of alcohol. A pioneer of experimental physiology, Hales established a number of important findings, including that of the role of air and water in the maintenance of plant and animal life; he invented the surgical forceps.
Hales was a lifelong opponent of the excessive consumption of alcohol. A pioneer of experimental physiology, Hales established a number of important findings, including that of the role of air and water in the maintenance of plant and animal life; he invented the surgical forceps.
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