20TH CENTURY

This hat is a faithful reproduction of a winter court hat for an imperial consort made for and worn in the 1987 film, 'The Last Emperor', directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. (Fig. 1) A very similar original chaoguan in the National Palace Museum, Taiwan, is illustrated by G. Dickinson and L. Wrigglesworth, Imperial Wardrobe, Berkeley and Toronto, rev. ed., 2000, p. 172, pl. 152, and one is also seen worn by the Empress Xiaoxian in a portrait by Castiglione, now in the Palace Museum, Beijing, illustrated ibid., p. 171, pl. 151.