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EINSTEIN, Albert (1879-1955). Collection of 130 offprints of his own scientific papers, the most important and comprehensive collection extant, several with autograph additions and corrections and most with printed presentation statement "Ueberreicht vom Verfasser."
EINSTEIN'S OWN SET OF REFERENCE COPIES. A COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTION OF EINSTEIN'S WORK CONTAINING ALL OF HIS KEY PAPERS IN THE FIELDS OF QUANTUM THEORY, THE THEORIES OF SPECIAL AND GENERAL RELATIVITY, AND THE UNIFIED FIELD THEORY.
"WHEN EINSTEIN'S TOTAL WORK IN PHYSICS IS CONSIDERED, IT CAN BE SAID THAT HIS ACHIEVEMENTS ARE RIVALED ONLY BY THOSE OF SIR ISAAC NEWTON. Both scientists were guided in their work by unique insights into the nature of physical reality and both represent the utmost fulfillment of the creative imagination in science" (DSB).
Einstein's own collection of the offprints of his writings, charts the breadth and depth of one of the most penetrating of scientific minds. Much of Einstein's work was first published in journals, particularly the Annalen der Physik, and the collection offers 26 of 30 offprint issues published before 1910. Offprints by Einstein published before the General Theory of Relativity in 1916 tended to be issued in small quantities such as 25-50 copies, and most are extremely rare on the market. After the worldwide publicity surrounding the confirmation of the general theory of relativity with the eclipse expedition of 1919, Einstein became the most famous scientist in the world. Futhermore, due to their fragile nature, many of these offprints are becoming increasingly scarce on the market.
The collection includes Einstein's first and last papers, the two Nobel Prize papers, and amongst the offprints from the Annalen der Physik, published in 1905 Einstein's "annus mirabilis," are all three ground-breaking papers in separate fields: "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (9 June 1905); "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" (18 July 1905); and "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (26 September 1905). The first of these proposed that light should be considered as a collection of individual particles of energy, which Einstein termed "light quanta;" from this hypothesis he extrapolated solutions to unsolved questions of black-body radiation, fluorescence, photoionisation and the photoelectric effect. So important were the ideas proposed in this paper that it was for this, together with his 1906 paper "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption" (also present in Einsteins collection), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
All FIRST EDITIONS, OFFPRINT ISSUES (as noted below). Various 8o sizes, original wrappers (some chipping and splitting to edges, some covers detached, a few covers missing); 2 half morocco folding cases. The collection was bound by Dukas in 4 buckram binders, and disbound by the present owner, to better preserve the individual offprints.
Provenance: ALBERT EINSTEIN; HELEN DUKAS (1896-1982), Einstein's secretary since 1928, and legatee of Einstein's estate, who had the set bound in 4 volumes; Gerald Holten, (who received the collection from Helen Dukas in recognition for his work on the archive of Einstein's sienctific correspondence, with Dukas gift inscription preserved: "To my 'adviser' and invaluable helper with thanks, Princeton N.J. August 3, 1964, Helen Dukas"); unnamed consignor (Sotheby's New York, sale 17 December 1992, lot 84).
The collection includes:
1900/01
"Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 4. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1901. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. ßerreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Einstein's first published paper, which deals with intramolecular forces. Pais "Subtle is the Lord"... (p. 57) notes that this paper "shows how, from the start, Einstein was groping for universal principles, in the present case for a relation between molecular forces and gravitation." In the paper Einstein concludes, "It should be noted that the constant C increases in general but not always with increasing weight. Therefore, the question if and how our [intramolecular] forces are related to gravitation must for the time being be kept completely open." EXTREMELY RARE. BRL 1; Weil 1.
1902
"Ueber die thermodynamsiche Theorie der Potentialdifferenz zwischen Metallen und vollständig dissociirten Lösungen ihrer Salze und über eine elektrische Methode zur Erforschung der Molecularkräfte." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 8. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1901. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Einstein's second paper. BRL 2; Weil 2.
"Kinetische Theorie des Wärmegleichgewichtes und des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 9. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1902. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 3; Weil 3.
1904
"Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Wärme." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 14. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1904. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 5; Weil 5.
1905 ONE OF THE NOBEL PRIZE PAPERS:
"Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band. 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905.
Original tan printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. "In his first paper of 1905, Einstein suggested that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy, which he called "light quanta." Such a hypothesis, he argued, would provide an answer to the problem of black-body radiation where classical theories had failed, and would also explain several puzzling properties of fluorescence, photoionization and the photoelectric effect" (Norman). Indeed, as DSB states: "Einstein once described his first paper of 1905 [...] as 'very revolutionary' [...] The heuristic viewpoint of the title was nothing less than the suggestion that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy, which he called light quanta" (IV, p. 315), a hypothesis that "seemed to dismiss a century of evidence supporting the wave theory of light" (loc. Cit). IT WAS FOR THIS PAPER, EINSTEIN WAS AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS IN 1921 (together with another paper on the photoelectric effect "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption," published in 1906. see below). VERY RARE. For the journal issue: Boni, Russ and Laurence 7; Norman 689; Weil 6.
EINSTEIN'S THESIS FOR HIS DOCTORATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH
Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der philosophischen Doctorwürde der hohen philosopischen Fakultät...der Universität Zürich. Bern: K.J. Wyss, 1905.
Original printed blue-green wrappers.
FIRST EDITION. Einstein's thesis for his doctorate from the University of Zurich, "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions," which was the initial step towards his more famous work on Brownian motion. It was reprinted the following year along with another paper on Brownian motion in Annalen der Physik (Folge 4, Band 19, 1906). It is not widely recognized that Einstein's thesis is one of his most fundamental papers. Histories and biographies invariably refer to 1905 as Einstein's miraculous year because of his articles on relativity, the light-quantum, and Brownian motion. His thesis is is on a par with the Brownian motion article. In fact, in some-not all-respects, his results on Brownian motion are by-products of his thesis work.
Einstein initially submitted a disseration to the University of Zurich in 1901 but withdrew it the following year. In his second attempt in 1905 he "combined the techniques of classical hydrodynamics with those of the theory of diffusion to create a new method for the determination of molecular sizes and of Avogadro's number, a method he applied to solute sugar molecules. . ."
"Einstein's concerns extended beyond this particular question to more general problems of the foundations of the theory of radiation and the existence of atoms. He later emphasized . . . 'A precise determination of the size of molecules seems to me of the highest importance because Planck's radiation formula can be tested more precisely through such a determination through measurements on radiation."
"The dissertation also marked the first major success in Einstein's effort to find further evidence for the atomic hypothesis, an effort that culminated in his explanation of Brownian motion. By the end of 1905 he had published three independent methods for determining molecular dimensions. . . ." (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year. Five Papers that Changed the Face of Physics (1998) p. 33, reprinting the text of the thesis in English translation.
EXTREMELY RARE: Only the Honeyman and the Plotnick copy have appeared at auction in the last thirty years according to ABPC. BRL 6; Weil 7.
"Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 19. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. 8o. FIRST EDITION, OFFPRINT ISSUE Weil 7a.
"Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 8; Weil 8.
"Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4. Folge, Bandd 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905.
Disbound.
FIRST EDITION, extracted from the journal issue, of Einstein's first paper on the subject of relativity. In this first announcement of the special theory of relativity, the author, then a clerk in the Swiss Patent Office, argued that space and time are not separate entities and that energy and matter are equivalent. Einstein's revolutionary conclusions laid the foundation for a new view of the universe, shattering the Newtonian view which had ruled for over two centuries.
"Einstein was the first physicist to formulate clearly the new kinematical foundation for all of physics inherent in Lorentz's electron theory. This kinematics emerged in 1905 from his critical examination of the physical significance of the conepts of spatial and temporal intervals. The examination, based on a careful definition of the simultaneity of distant events, showed that the concept of a universal or absolute time, on which Newtonian kinematics is based has to be abandoned; and that the Galilean transformations between the coordinates of two inertial frames of reference has to be replaced by a set of spatial and temporal transformations that agree formally with a set that Lorentz had introduced earlier with a quite different interpretation. Through the interpretation of the transformations as elements of a space-time symmetry group corresponding to the new kinematics, the special theory of relativity (as it later came to be called) provided physicists with a powerful guide in the search for new dynamical theories of fields and particles and gradually led to a deeper appreciation of the role of symmetry criteria in physics. The special theory of relativity also provided philosophers with abundant material for reflection on the new views of space and time. The special theory, like Newtonaian mechanics, still assigns a privileged status to the class of inertial frames of reference. The attempt to generalize the theory to include gravitation led Einstein to formulate the equivalence principle in 1907. This was the first step in his search for a new theory of gravitation denying a privileged role to intertial frames, a theory that is now known as the general theory of relativity" (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year, 101). (cf. Grolier Medicine, pp. xxvii-xxviii). BRL 9; Dibner Heralds of Science 167; Grolier/Horblit 26b; Norman 691; Weil 9.
"Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 18. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser," on the front wrapper. "A few months after first publishing the theory of relativity, Einstein discovered something that particularly intrigued him; the relation between inertial mass and energy. He wrote to Conrad Habicht during the summer of 1905: "One more consequence of the paper on electrodynamics has also occurred to me. The principle of relativity, in conjunction with Maxwell's equations, requires that mass be a direct measure of the energy contained in a body; light carries mass with it. A noticeable decrease of mass should occur in the case of radium. The argument is amusing and seductive, but for all I know the Lord might be laughing over it and leading me around by the nose." "The idea that inertial mass is associated with electromagnetic energy was often discussed before 1905. Around the turn of the century, it was suggested that all mechanical concepts might be derivable from those of electromagnetism. In particular, there were attempts to derive the entire inertial mass of the electron from the energy associated with its electromagnetic field.... "Einstein argued that, as a consequence of the relativity principle, intertial mass is associated with all forms of energy. He was only able to establish this result for a process involving the emission of electromagnetic radiation by a system, but argued that the result is independent of the mechanism by which the system loses energy. In addition, he was only able to show that a change in energy is associated with a change in inertial mass equal to the change in energy divided by c2 " (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year, 117-18). THIS IS EINSTEIN'S FIRST PROOF OF THE RELATION THAT WOULD LATER BE STATED IN THE FORMULA E = MC2. BRL 10; Weil 10.
1905/06
"Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 19. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 11; Weil 11.
1906
"Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 20. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 12; Weil 12.
"Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 20. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 13; Weil 13.
"Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 21. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 14; Weil 14.
1906/07
"Die Planck'sche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 22. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 15; Weil 15.
"Über die Gültigkeitsgrenze des Satzes vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht und über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Bestimmung der Elementarquanta." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 22. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 16; Weil 16.
"über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 23. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 17; Weil 17.
1907
"Über die vom Relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 23. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 19; Weil 19.
WITH HALF PAGE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN EINSTEIN'S HAND:
"Theoretische Bemerkungen über die Brownsche Bewegung." Offprint from: Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie. Nr. 6. Halle, 1907. Single sheet. FIRST EDITION, WITH HALF PAGE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN EINSTEIN'S HAND on blank portion of p. 42. BRL 20; Weil 20.
WITH EINSTEIN'S CORRECTIONS:
"Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen." Offprint from: Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik. IV. Band, Heft 4. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1907.
FIRST EDITION, OFFPRINT ISSUE WITH EINSTEIN'S CORRECTIONS IN A FEW PLACES. Einstein's transitional paper from the special to the general theory of relativity. In this work he published the principle of equivalence for uniformly accelerated mechanical systems on which he eventually built the general theory of relativity. He extended the principle to electromagnetic phenomena, gave the correct expression for the red shift and noted that this extension also leads to a bending of light which passes a massive body. He believed that this last effect was too small to be detectable.
Later Einstein wrote that when he was working on this paper, "There occurred to me the happiest thought of my life, in the following form. The gravitational field has only a relative existence in a way similar to the electric field generated by magnetoelectric induction. Because for an observer falling freely from the roof of a house there exists -at least in his immediate surroundings-no gravitational field." [Einstein's emphasis.]
Years later, in a lecture in Kyoto, Einstein recalled when the "happiest thought" occurred to him. "I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me. 'If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight!' I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation." Weil 21.
1908
EINSTEIN, A. and J. LAUB. "Über die im elektromagnetischen Felde auf ruhende Körper ausgeübten ponderomotorischen Kräfte." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 26. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1908. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein u. J. Laub. Überreicht von den Verfassern,") on the front wrapper. BRL 23; Weil 23.
"Eine neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleiner Elektrizitaetsmengen." Offprint from: Physikalische Zeitschrift 9. Jahrgang. No. 7. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht von den Verfasser,") on first page. Weil 24.
1909
EINSTEIN, A. and J. LAUB. "Bemerkungen zu unserer Arbeit: 'Über die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper'". Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 28. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1909. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE WITH 'PRINTED PRESENTATION STATEMENT ("A. EINSTEIN U. J. LAUB. ÜBERREICHT VON DEN VERFASSERN") ON THE FRONT WRAPPER. BRL 22.1; WEIL 26.
"ZUM GEGENWäRTIGEN STAND DES STRAHLUNGSPROBLEMS." OFFPRINT FROM: PHYSIKALISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 10. JAHRGANG. NO. 6. LEIPZIG: HIRZEL, 1909. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht von den Verfasser,") on first page. Weil 28.
"Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung." Offprint from: Physikalische Zeitschrift, Jahrgang 10. Leipzig, 1909. AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the frist page. BRL 28; Weil 30.
1912
"Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Dquivalentgesetzes. " [and "Nachtrag"]. Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 37 and 38. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1912. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser") on the front wrapper. BRL 42; Weil 46(1) and Weil 46(2).
"Beiträge zur Quantentheorie. " Offprint from: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. XVI Jahrgang, Nr. 16. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1914. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 59; Weil 67.
EINSTEIN, Albert. "Erklärung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitdtstheorie. " Offprint from: Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, XLVII. Berlin, 1915.
Original printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser") on the front wrapper. "Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury from the General Theory of Relativity" Presented November 18, 1915 and published November 25, 1915. This is the first publication of Einstein's first post-Newtonian results, and it is, of the greatest historical importance. He was able to achieve more accuracy in the measurement of the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. He also found that the bending of light is twice as large as he thought it was in 1911. Weil 76.
1915
"Ein einfaches Experiement zum Nachweis der Amphreschen Molekularstrvme. " Offprint from: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1915. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Weil 82.
1916
Die Grundlagen der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1916.
Original tan printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, monograph issue. Though presented as a separate publication, this is in fact an offprint from Annalen der Physik, 4. Folge, Band 49, 1916, and it is so identified on the verso of the title page. "Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, the General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence ... Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time ... Where matter exists, so does energy; the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light ... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe ... Einstein's paper gave not only a corrected picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mathematical laws by which its details could be described" (R.W. Clark, Einstein, New York, 1984, p. 253). Grolier/Horblit 26c; Norman 695; PMM 408; Weil 80a.
1925
"W.H. Julius." [Galley proof from:] Astrophysical Journal Volume 63. Chicago, 1926. Galley proofs, with autograph note from Paul Ehrenfest to Einstein, 9 March 1926. Weil 152.
And 99 others, including Weil numbers 34; 35; 36; 38; 39; 41; 42; 43; 47; 48; 49; 53; 56; 64; 70 (2nd edition, offprint 1925); 71 (2nd edition, offprint 1925); 72; 78; 79; 81; 84; 85; 86; 93; 94; 96; 97; 99; 102; 104; 106; 110; 111; 115; 118; 120; 121; 125; 126; 127; 128; 129; 130; 132; 135; 137; 138; 142; 143; 144; 145; 146; 150; 153; 155; 156; 157; 158; 159; 160; 162; 166; 168; 169; 171; 172; 173; 177 (printed proofs, stamped Oxford University Press, 7 May 1931, this printing not in Weil); 179; 180; 182; 186; 188; 188(3); 191; 192; 193; 195; 196; 197; 200; 203; 204; 205; 208; 209; 213; 215; 216; 217; 218; 221; 222; 223; 225; 228; 230; 237; and Einstein's last scientific publication. In addition to the original offprints Dukas added a number of photocopies of papers, and a typed transcript of the Einstein article "Meine Antwort, über die anti-relativitäetstheorietische G.m.b.H.").
EINSTEIN'S OWN SET OF REFERENCE COPIES. A COMPREHENSIVE COLLECTION OF EINSTEIN'S WORK CONTAINING ALL OF HIS KEY PAPERS IN THE FIELDS OF QUANTUM THEORY, THE THEORIES OF SPECIAL AND GENERAL RELATIVITY, AND THE UNIFIED FIELD THEORY.
"WHEN EINSTEIN'S TOTAL WORK IN PHYSICS IS CONSIDERED, IT CAN BE SAID THAT HIS ACHIEVEMENTS ARE RIVALED ONLY BY THOSE OF SIR ISAAC NEWTON. Both scientists were guided in their work by unique insights into the nature of physical reality and both represent the utmost fulfillment of the creative imagination in science" (DSB).
Einstein's own collection of the offprints of his writings, charts the breadth and depth of one of the most penetrating of scientific minds. Much of Einstein's work was first published in journals, particularly the Annalen der Physik, and the collection offers 26 of 30 offprint issues published before 1910. Offprints by Einstein published before the General Theory of Relativity in 1916 tended to be issued in small quantities such as 25-50 copies, and most are extremely rare on the market. After the worldwide publicity surrounding the confirmation of the general theory of relativity with the eclipse expedition of 1919, Einstein became the most famous scientist in the world. Futhermore, due to their fragile nature, many of these offprints are becoming increasingly scarce on the market.
The collection includes Einstein's first and last papers, the two Nobel Prize papers, and amongst the offprints from the Annalen der Physik, published in 1905 Einstein's "annus mirabilis," are all three ground-breaking papers in separate fields: "Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt" (9 June 1905); "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" (18 July 1905); and "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" (26 September 1905). The first of these proposed that light should be considered as a collection of individual particles of energy, which Einstein termed "light quanta;" from this hypothesis he extrapolated solutions to unsolved questions of black-body radiation, fluorescence, photoionisation and the photoelectric effect. So important were the ideas proposed in this paper that it was for this, together with his 1906 paper "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption" (also present in Einsteins collection), that Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.
All FIRST EDITIONS, OFFPRINT ISSUES (as noted below). Various 8o sizes, original wrappers (some chipping and splitting to edges, some covers detached, a few covers missing); 2 half morocco folding cases. The collection was bound by Dukas in 4 buckram binders, and disbound by the present owner, to better preserve the individual offprints.
Provenance: ALBERT EINSTEIN; HELEN DUKAS (1896-1982), Einstein's secretary since 1928, and legatee of Einstein's estate, who had the set bound in 4 volumes; Gerald Holten, (who received the collection from Helen Dukas in recognition for his work on the archive of Einstein's sienctific correspondence, with Dukas gift inscription preserved: "To my 'adviser' and invaluable helper with thanks, Princeton N.J. August 3, 1964, Helen Dukas"); unnamed consignor (Sotheby's New York, sale 17 December 1992, lot 84).
The collection includes:
1900/01
"Folgerungen aus den Capillaritätserscheinungen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 4. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1901. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. ßerreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Einstein's first published paper, which deals with intramolecular forces. Pais "Subtle is the Lord"... (p. 57) notes that this paper "shows how, from the start, Einstein was groping for universal principles, in the present case for a relation between molecular forces and gravitation." In the paper Einstein concludes, "It should be noted that the constant C increases in general but not always with increasing weight. Therefore, the question if and how our [intramolecular] forces are related to gravitation must for the time being be kept completely open." EXTREMELY RARE. BRL 1; Weil 1.
1902
"Ueber die thermodynamsiche Theorie der Potentialdifferenz zwischen Metallen und vollständig dissociirten Lösungen ihrer Salze und über eine elektrische Methode zur Erforschung der Molecularkräfte." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 8. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1901. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Einstein's second paper. BRL 2; Weil 2.
"Kinetische Theorie des Wärmegleichgewichtes und des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 9. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1902. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 3; Weil 3.
1904
"Zur allgemeinen molekularen Theorie der Wärme." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 14. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1904. 8o. Original tan printed wrappers. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 5; Weil 5.
1905 ONE OF THE NOBEL PRIZE PAPERS:
"Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band. 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905.
Original tan printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. "In his first paper of 1905, Einstein suggested that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy, which he called "light quanta." Such a hypothesis, he argued, would provide an answer to the problem of black-body radiation where classical theories had failed, and would also explain several puzzling properties of fluorescence, photoionization and the photoelectric effect" (Norman). Indeed, as DSB states: "Einstein once described his first paper of 1905 [...] as 'very revolutionary' [...] The heuristic viewpoint of the title was nothing less than the suggestion that light be considered a collection of independent particles of energy, which he called light quanta" (IV, p. 315), a hypothesis that "seemed to dismiss a century of evidence supporting the wave theory of light" (loc. Cit). IT WAS FOR THIS PAPER, EINSTEIN WAS AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS IN 1921 (together with another paper on the photoelectric effect "Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption," published in 1906. see below). VERY RARE. For the journal issue: Boni, Russ and Laurence 7; Norman 689; Weil 6.
EINSTEIN'S THESIS FOR HIS DOCTORATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH
Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der philosophischen Doctorwürde der hohen philosopischen Fakultät...der Universität Zürich. Bern: K.J. Wyss, 1905.
Original printed blue-green wrappers.
FIRST EDITION. Einstein's thesis for his doctorate from the University of Zurich, "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions," which was the initial step towards his more famous work on Brownian motion. It was reprinted the following year along with another paper on Brownian motion in Annalen der Physik (Folge 4, Band 19, 1906). It is not widely recognized that Einstein's thesis is one of his most fundamental papers. Histories and biographies invariably refer to 1905 as Einstein's miraculous year because of his articles on relativity, the light-quantum, and Brownian motion. His thesis is is on a par with the Brownian motion article. In fact, in some-not all-respects, his results on Brownian motion are by-products of his thesis work.
Einstein initially submitted a disseration to the University of Zurich in 1901 but withdrew it the following year. In his second attempt in 1905 he "combined the techniques of classical hydrodynamics with those of the theory of diffusion to create a new method for the determination of molecular sizes and of Avogadro's number, a method he applied to solute sugar molecules. . ."
"Einstein's concerns extended beyond this particular question to more general problems of the foundations of the theory of radiation and the existence of atoms. He later emphasized . . . 'A precise determination of the size of molecules seems to me of the highest importance because Planck's radiation formula can be tested more precisely through such a determination through measurements on radiation."
"The dissertation also marked the first major success in Einstein's effort to find further evidence for the atomic hypothesis, an effort that culminated in his explanation of Brownian motion. By the end of 1905 he had published three independent methods for determining molecular dimensions. . . ." (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year. Five Papers that Changed the Face of Physics (1998) p. 33, reprinting the text of the thesis in English translation.
EXTREMELY RARE: Only the Honeyman and the Plotnick copy have appeared at auction in the last thirty years according to ABPC. BRL 6; Weil 7.
"Eine neue Bestimmung der Moleküldimensionen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 19. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. 8o. FIRST EDITION, OFFPRINT ISSUE Weil 7a.
"Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 8; Weil 8.
"Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4. Folge, Bandd 17. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905.
Disbound.
FIRST EDITION, extracted from the journal issue, of Einstein's first paper on the subject of relativity. In this first announcement of the special theory of relativity, the author, then a clerk in the Swiss Patent Office, argued that space and time are not separate entities and that energy and matter are equivalent. Einstein's revolutionary conclusions laid the foundation for a new view of the universe, shattering the Newtonian view which had ruled for over two centuries.
"Einstein was the first physicist to formulate clearly the new kinematical foundation for all of physics inherent in Lorentz's electron theory. This kinematics emerged in 1905 from his critical examination of the physical significance of the conepts of spatial and temporal intervals. The examination, based on a careful definition of the simultaneity of distant events, showed that the concept of a universal or absolute time, on which Newtonian kinematics is based has to be abandoned; and that the Galilean transformations between the coordinates of two inertial frames of reference has to be replaced by a set of spatial and temporal transformations that agree formally with a set that Lorentz had introduced earlier with a quite different interpretation. Through the interpretation of the transformations as elements of a space-time symmetry group corresponding to the new kinematics, the special theory of relativity (as it later came to be called) provided physicists with a powerful guide in the search for new dynamical theories of fields and particles and gradually led to a deeper appreciation of the role of symmetry criteria in physics. The special theory of relativity also provided philosophers with abundant material for reflection on the new views of space and time. The special theory, like Newtonaian mechanics, still assigns a privileged status to the class of inertial frames of reference. The attempt to generalize the theory to include gravitation led Einstein to formulate the equivalence principle in 1907. This was the first step in his search for a new theory of gravitation denying a privileged role to intertial frames, a theory that is now known as the general theory of relativity" (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year, 101). (cf. Grolier Medicine, pp. xxvii-xxviii). BRL 9; Dibner Heralds of Science 167; Grolier/Horblit 26b; Norman 691; Weil 9.
"Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 18. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1905. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser," on the front wrapper. "A few months after first publishing the theory of relativity, Einstein discovered something that particularly intrigued him; the relation between inertial mass and energy. He wrote to Conrad Habicht during the summer of 1905: "One more consequence of the paper on electrodynamics has also occurred to me. The principle of relativity, in conjunction with Maxwell's equations, requires that mass be a direct measure of the energy contained in a body; light carries mass with it. A noticeable decrease of mass should occur in the case of radium. The argument is amusing and seductive, but for all I know the Lord might be laughing over it and leading me around by the nose." "The idea that inertial mass is associated with electromagnetic energy was often discussed before 1905. Around the turn of the century, it was suggested that all mechanical concepts might be derivable from those of electromagnetism. In particular, there were attempts to derive the entire inertial mass of the electron from the energy associated with its electromagnetic field.... "Einstein argued that, as a consequence of the relativity principle, intertial mass is associated with all forms of energy. He was only able to establish this result for a process involving the emission of electromagnetic radiation by a system, but argued that the result is independent of the mechanism by which the system loses energy. In addition, he was only able to show that a change in energy is associated with a change in inertial mass equal to the change in energy divided by c2 " (Stachel, Einstein's Miraculous Year, 117-18). THIS IS EINSTEIN'S FIRST PROOF OF THE RELATION THAT WOULD LATER BE STATED IN THE FORMULA E = MC2. BRL 10; Weil 10.
1905/06
"Zur Theorie der Brownschen Bewegung." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 19. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 11; Weil 11.
1906
"Zur Theorie der Lichterzeugung und Lichtabsorption." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 20. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 12; Weil 12.
"Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 20. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 13; Weil 13.
"Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 21. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1906. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 14; Weil 14.
1906/07
"Die Planck'sche Theorie der Strahlung und die Theorie der spezifischen Wärme." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 22. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 15; Weil 15.
"Über die Gültigkeitsgrenze des Satzes vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht und über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Bestimmung der Elementarquanta." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 22. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 16; Weil 16.
"über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 23. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 17; Weil 17.
1907
"Über die vom Relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 23. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 19; Weil 19.
WITH HALF PAGE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN EINSTEIN'S HAND:
"Theoretische Bemerkungen über die Brownsche Bewegung." Offprint from: Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie. Nr. 6. Halle, 1907. Single sheet. FIRST EDITION, WITH HALF PAGE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS IN EINSTEIN'S HAND on blank portion of p. 42. BRL 20; Weil 20.
WITH EINSTEIN'S CORRECTIONS:
"Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen Folgerungen." Offprint from: Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik. IV. Band, Heft 4. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1907.
FIRST EDITION, OFFPRINT ISSUE WITH EINSTEIN'S CORRECTIONS IN A FEW PLACES. Einstein's transitional paper from the special to the general theory of relativity. In this work he published the principle of equivalence for uniformly accelerated mechanical systems on which he eventually built the general theory of relativity. He extended the principle to electromagnetic phenomena, gave the correct expression for the red shift and noted that this extension also leads to a bending of light which passes a massive body. He believed that this last effect was too small to be detectable.
Later Einstein wrote that when he was working on this paper, "There occurred to me the happiest thought of my life, in the following form. The gravitational field has only a relative existence in a way similar to the electric field generated by magnetoelectric induction. Because for an observer falling freely from the roof of a house there exists -at least in his immediate surroundings-no gravitational field." [Einstein's emphasis.]
Years later, in a lecture in Kyoto, Einstein recalled when the "happiest thought" occurred to him. "I was sitting in a chair in the patent office at Bern when all of a sudden a thought occurred to me. 'If a person falls freely he will not feel his own weight!' I was startled. This simple thought made a deep impression on me. It impelled me toward a theory of gravitation." Weil 21.
1908
EINSTEIN, A. and J. LAUB. "Über die im elektromagnetischen Felde auf ruhende Körper ausgeübten ponderomotorischen Kräfte." Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 26. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1908. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein u. J. Laub. Überreicht von den Verfassern,") on the front wrapper. BRL 23; Weil 23.
"Eine neue elektrostatische Methode zur Messung kleiner Elektrizitaetsmengen." Offprint from: Physikalische Zeitschrift 9. Jahrgang. No. 7. Leipzig: Hirzel, 1907. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht von den Verfasser,") on first page. Weil 24.
1909
EINSTEIN, A. and J. LAUB. "Bemerkungen zu unserer Arbeit: 'Über die elektromagnetischen Grundgleichungen für bewegte Körper'". Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 28. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1909. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE WITH 'PRINTED PRESENTATION STATEMENT ("A. EINSTEIN U. J. LAUB. ÜBERREICHT VON DEN VERFASSERN") ON THE FRONT WRAPPER. BRL 22.1; WEIL 26.
"ZUM GEGENWäRTIGEN STAND DES STRAHLUNGSPROBLEMS." OFFPRINT FROM: PHYSIKALISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 10. JAHRGANG. NO. 6. LEIPZIG: HIRZEL, 1909. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht von den Verfasser,") on first page. Weil 28.
"Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung." Offprint from: Physikalische Zeitschrift, Jahrgang 10. Leipzig, 1909. AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the frist page. BRL 28; Weil 30.
1912
"Thermodynamische Begründung des photochemischen Dquivalentgesetzes. " [and "Nachtrag"]. Offprint from: Annalen der Physik, 4 Folge, Band 37 and 38. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1912. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser") on the front wrapper. BRL 42; Weil 46(1) and Weil 46(2).
"Beiträge zur Quantentheorie. " Offprint from: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. XVI Jahrgang, Nr. 16. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1914. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. BRL 59; Weil 67.
EINSTEIN, Albert. "Erklärung der Perihelbewegung des Merkur aus der allgemeinen Relativitdtstheorie. " Offprint from: Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Sitzungsberichte, XLVII. Berlin, 1915.
Original printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("A. Einstein. Überreicht vom Verfasser") on the front wrapper. "Explanation of the Perihelion Motion of Mercury from the General Theory of Relativity" Presented November 18, 1915 and published November 25, 1915. This is the first publication of Einstein's first post-Newtonian results, and it is, of the greatest historical importance. He was able to achieve more accuracy in the measurement of the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. He also found that the bending of light is twice as large as he thought it was in 1911. Weil 76.
1915
"Ein einfaches Experiement zum Nachweis der Amphreschen Molekularstrvme. " Offprint from: Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft. Braunschweig: Vieweg, 1915. FIRST EDITION, AUTHOR'S PRESENTATION OFFPRINT ISSUE with printed presentation statement ("Überreicht vom Verfasser,") on the front wrapper. Weil 82.
1916
Die Grundlagen der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1916.
Original tan printed wrappers.
FIRST EDITION, monograph issue. Though presented as a separate publication, this is in fact an offprint from Annalen der Physik, 4. Folge, Band 49, 1916, and it is so identified on the verso of the title page. "Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion, the General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence ... Basically, he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time ... Where matter exists, so does energy; the greater the mass of matter involved, the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition, gravity affected light ... exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen, and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws, was not the real universe ... Einstein's paper gave not only a corrected picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mathematical laws by which its details could be described" (R.W. Clark, Einstein, New York, 1984, p. 253). Grolier/Horblit 26c; Norman 695; PMM 408; Weil 80a.
1925
"W.H. Julius." [Galley proof from:] Astrophysical Journal Volume 63. Chicago, 1926. Galley proofs, with autograph note from Paul Ehrenfest to Einstein, 9 March 1926. Weil 152.
And 99 others, including Weil numbers 34; 35; 36; 38; 39; 41; 42; 43; 47; 48; 49; 53; 56; 64; 70 (2nd edition, offprint 1925); 71 (2nd edition, offprint 1925); 72; 78; 79; 81; 84; 85; 86; 93; 94; 96; 97; 99; 102; 104; 106; 110; 111; 115; 118; 120; 121; 125; 126; 127; 128; 129; 130; 132; 135; 137; 138; 142; 143; 144; 145; 146; 150; 153; 155; 156; 157; 158; 159; 160; 162; 166; 168; 169; 171; 172; 173; 177 (printed proofs, stamped Oxford University Press, 7 May 1931, this printing not in Weil); 179; 180; 182; 186; 188; 188(3); 191; 192; 193; 195; 196; 197; 200; 203; 204; 205; 208; 209; 213; 215; 216; 217; 218; 221; 222; 223; 225; 228; 230; 237; and Einstein's last scientific publication. In addition to the original offprints Dukas added a number of photocopies of papers, and a typed transcript of the Einstein article "Meine Antwort, über die anti-relativitäetstheorietische G.m.b.H.").