細節
陳丹青
拉薩市場
油彩 畫布
1983年作
簽名:陳丹青
來源:
美國 私人收藏

陳丹青作於1970年代未至1980年代的「西藏組畫」是藝術家重要的創作,更是中國現代藝術發展的重要里程碑。文化大革命時,當時還是中學生的陳丹青被分派到江西省南部下鄉體驗。陳丹青對繪畫的興趣甚濃,常在工餘時間,拿起紙筆創作,慢慢成為一個自學的畫家。直到1974年,其精彩的作品在一次展覽中發表,更得到賞識,其後更被北京中央美術學院碩士課程錄取。1976年,陳丹青向西藏出發,尋找創作靈感,及後帶回了反映藏民真正生活面貌的人像畫。

1980年陳丹青獲中央美術學院經費,重回拉薩。這是陳氏於1982年離開中國,前往美國最後一次到西藏。陳丹青《西藏組畫》系列,把一向給人神秘感的西藏風土人情帶進畫中,表現出不同的美學風貌。西藏特殊的地域性,游離於主流意識形態之外的生存狀態,為陳丹青全新的繪畫語言提供了絕好的生活藍本。陳丹青以寫生手法般的直接和果斷,描繪了藏民的日常生活片段,因此多見自由豪邁的筆觸。《拉薩市場》(Lot 901)描繪西藏首府中熱鬧的露天市集。畫作中心五個男女在談天說地,後方是市集中心,人群熙來攘往,相比畫面左邊一個悠閒地躺在乾草上歇息的男子,還有正在買賣的攤販,背著柴草的馬兒低頭吃草。攤販前的暖鍋更顯生活中的點滴。陳丹青把藏民日常生活,毫無修飾地描繪成畫,沒有刻意提出思考問題,單純地介紹西藏純樸的真實生活風貌。《布達拉宮的夕照》(Lot 902)把西藏的地標描繪入畫。相比描繪圍牆粗獷的筆觸,藝術家以細膩的筆觸描繪這座盛載藏人精神的建築物。相對高高在上的布達拉宮,經過的小物和生在高牆旁的樹木顯得渺小得很。

陳丹青《西藏組畫》系列的藝術精神在於藝術家以深刻的觀察力,把藏族文化從民族服飾,以至內在精神面貌呈現人前。作為藏族文化中的一個重要組成部分即藏族服飾文化,同樣源遠流長,獨領風騷,璀璨奪目,魅力獨特。《藏族少女》(Lot 904)臉塗赭色面膏,頭頂毛氈製成品,專心地製造具民族特色的毛氈,表現了傳統藏族女子刺繡了得,樸實的一面。藏族未婚姑娘頭梳兩條辮子,《西藏姑娘》(Lot 905)中所描繪的就是年輕少女,她頭戴「巴珠」,「巴珠」是一種三角形的頭飾,普通以布紮成一個三角形的架子。蔚藍天空背景,把笑容燦爛,遠眺前方的西藏姑娘的樂天性格表露無遺。《早晨微風》(Lot 903)中站在青翠的草原上標緻的少女,配載一對翡翠綠色的耳環,柔和的眼神隱含少女情懷。陳丹青的畫作不只西藏的風貌以寫實的方式表示出來,為觀眾帶來前所未有的視覺享受。藝術家更把發自內心的思想情感 — 對生存在同一個世界的獨立個體的尊重,以至對不同文化、不同生活方式的尊重,融入畫作中。因此,陳丹青人像畫中的人物均具有獨特的氣質神髓,如《藏族少女》的勤奮樸實、《西藏姑娘》的積極樂觀及《早晨微風》的溫暖柔情。

隨著中國改革開放,藝術家反思許多過去不敢談、不能談的問題。油畫變成理性思考手段,而非過去政治宣傳工具。陳丹青的寫實畫作富民族、文化、鄉土特色《西藏組畫》,對當時長期盛行並嚴重教條化的主題性創作模式發生衝擊,為80年代的中國畫壇帶來新景象。人道情感和人格力量是陳丹青藝術中主要的藝術底蘊,這是他本人情感品格的自然體現,浸透了他的自身經歷,包含著他對底層人民的深切理解、憐憫和尊重。這種人道情感個人格力量賦予他的作品以輝煌和崇高的意義,陳丹青的作品中國現代藝術發展的重要里程碑。
來源
Private Collection, USA

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拍品專文

Created during the late 1970s to the 1980s, the Tibetan Series is Chen Danqing's important creation and also a milestone in China's modern artistic development. During the Cultural Revolution, Chen, then merely a secondary school student, was sent to work in the countryside in the south of Jiangxi Province. Interested in painting he would paint with pen and paper after work, gradually cultivating himself into a self-taught painter. It was not until 1974 that his fabulous works were displayed in exhibition and highly praised, thereafter he was admitted to the master's programme at the China Central Academy of Fine Arts. In 1976, in search of inspiration, he traveled to Tibet, from where he brought back portraits telling of Tibetans' daily life rituals instead of paintings depicting politically influenced images.

In 1980, he was subsidized by the Academy to visit Lhasa again, just before he left China for the US. His Tibetan series brought the invariably mystical Tibetan customs and practices onto canvases, capturing a previously unseen set of aesthetics. Tibet's unique geography and mentality different from mainstream ideology have provided an excellent blueprint for Chen's distinctive painting language. The free and often bold brushwork of his works result in his employment of accurate life drawing techniques with sheer determination to beautifully depict Tibetan daily life. Lhasa Market (Lot 901) depicts a lively marketplace in the Tibetan capital. In the central part of the painting are five men and women chatting freely before the market centre where crowds are bustling and hustling, starkly contrasting the man leisurely lying on haystack on the left. Vendors appear engaged in trade as horses bearing firewood bend their heads down to eat grass. In front of the vendors is a hot pot that adds flavours to the lively scene. Without intent to raise any retrospective question but purely giving an account on the simple and realistic Tibetan lifestyle, Chen has unostentatiously illustrated Tibetan daily life. Potala Palace at Twilight (Lot 902) has brought the Tibetan landmark onto canvas. In contrast to the raw brushwork that illustrates the enclosed wall, the painter uses exquisite strokes in order to capture an architecture which embodies the spirit of the Tibetans. In comparison to the lofty Potala Palace, the tiny passer-by and the trees growing next to the high wall appear to be negligible.

The artistic theme of the Tibetan Series is through the artist's deep insight to unveil to the viewers the costumes, in addition to the intrinsic spirit of Tibetan culture. As one of the important elements of Tibetan culture, Tibetan costumes are similarity unique, dazzling and extraordinary and have a long history. Tibetan Girl (Lot 904) puts on ochre facial cream, bears a piece of woolen fabric (pulu) and attentively makes woolen products of ethnic characteristics, which displays the feat of weaving and the simplicity of Tibetan women. Tibetan spinsters wear their hair into two braids, and these are the type of women that Tibetan Lady (Lot 905) precisely portrays. She wears a "bazhug", which is a triangular headpiece, folded into a triangular stand. The painting with its bright blue sky background, depicted beaming smile and its deep perspective thoroughly captures the optimistic character of the Tibetan woman. Morning Breeze (Lot 903) depicts a beauty standing on the green grassland, wearing a pair of jade earrings and having a mild expression in eyes that radiates a young girl's aspirations. Chen's paintings not only realistically depict Tibetan genre and give viewers an unprecedented visual enjoyment, but his paintings are infused with the artist's sentimentality- a respect for an independent entity in the world as well as diverse cultures and life styles. Hence, the figures of his portrait paintings have unique temperament and spirit, like the industrious and simplistic Tibetan Girl, the positive and optimistic Tibetan Lady, and the warm and tender Morning Breeze

Once the late seventies, following China's open door policy in economy, the non-mainstream culture has begun emerging and gradually influencing the entire society in China. Artists started rethinking the issues that could not be or had been unable to be discussed in the past. Oil painting became a measure for rational thinking instead of a medium for propaganda as in the past. Chen's realistic paintings are rich in ethnic, cultural and hometown features, profoundly impacting the perpetually popular yet extremely doctrinal thematic-creation-model, bringing a new realm to the China's art scene of the 1980s. Humanistic sentiments and integral strength are the primary artistic themes of Chen's works, which are also the natural realization of his own sentiments and integrity, the revelation of his own experiences and his profound understanding of and sympathy and respect for the grass-root people. This insight into human sentiments and veracity has given his works glorious and lofty meaning, marking Chen's artistic endeavors as an important milestone in China's modern art development.

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