細節
王濟遠
水果;及舊金山
水彩 紙本 (共兩件)
1973年及1941-1945年作
簽名︰c.y.
來源:
美國 私人收藏

在上世紀20-30年代的上海,王濟遠是有名的油畫家、水彩畫家,活躍於上海畫壇,積極參與、推廣水彩和油畫藝術,曾任上海美專教授和教務長,長達12年之久。1920年於上海參加西洋畫社團天馬會。1927年創辦藝苑繪畫研究所。王氏發掘、推廣之功,為藝壇樂道,先有引薦陳澄波到上海任教,再有為潘玉良舉行題為「中國第一個女畫家畫展」個展。自此潘玉良之名不脛而走,被徐悲鴻聘為中央大學藝術系講師。1940年中日戰爭之中離華赴美,創辦華美畫學院,傳授中國畫和書法。本次日拍即徵集到一系列難得的水墨與水彩作品,相信對喜愛王濟遠作品的藏家具有相當重要的研究及收藏價值。
和油畫作品相比較,王濟遠的彩墨作品顯得疏淡、活潑,畫面構圖清麗且生動。其山水作品尺幅雖然不大,藝術家卻以構圖突顯了崇山峻嶺的氣勢磅礡,如《合流勝處》、《雲壑懸崖》及《河溪靜隱》(Lot 1380),即以點景人物與建築物暗示了風景的壯闊,即將超出畫紙邊緣的連綿山峰,更令人感到山勢的高聳入雲,「望秋雲,神飛揚。臨春風,思浩蕩」之情油然而生。王濟遠亦在其著作《Oriental Brushwork》中特別提及《雲壑懸崖》 (圖一),山壁與其間的瀑布乃是為了引領觀者的視線去想像更遠的景色,這便是西方風景畫與中國山水畫最大的不同處,山水畫不拘泥真實空間,而是著重藝術家重塑出的整體感與在其間所欲傳達的訊息。

另一方面,《河溪小村》、《水濂》、《櫻桃樹》和《盛暑木蘭》(Lot 1381)偏向於較為近景的呈現,《櫻桃樹》和《盛暑木蘭》採用細膩的描寫與敷染,設色秀雅,枝椏主要使用沒骨畫法,飛白處更見蒼勁,王濟遠於此打破了傳統花鳥的構圖,令人聯想起西方抽象主義的「去中心化」;《河溪小村》和《水濂》則較接近於南宋的「偏角山水」,不再注重山川的完整性,這些突出景觀的局部,乃是王濟遠所欲表達的內心世界,重點不在於細節的呈現,而是意境的傳達,是藝術家氣質與神髓的展現。

除了山水畫外,王濟遠常以具中國文人畫趣味和風韻的清幽花卉、靜物水果為創作題材。《白花》、《白玉瓶花》、《冰肌玉骨》、《翠荷》和《紅荷翠葉》(Lot 1382)即分別呈現了花卉不同的風貌。中國人的「寫生」包含「生命」、「生趣」的掌握,明暗的處理與細節的修飾並不是畫面的重心,而是在畫家對物象的反覆觀察、學習物象的形態與內在後,準確地把意態描寫出來。文人畫家在主題上的選擇,往往也有所寄託,如荷花之出淤泥而不染與畫家所題之「冰肌玉骨」,即充滿了象徵意涵,藉花卉的特性比喻藝術家心中推崇的價值。《水果》、《舊金山》則為王濟遠的水彩小品,靜物和風景為畫家常見的創作主題,在對水分的嫻熟控制下,藝術家不論在水墨或水彩的運用上都揮灑自如,營造出水氣淋漓和多重層次的視覺效果,又展現了王濟遠作品的另一風貌。

來源
Private Collection, USA

榮譽呈獻

Felix Yip
Felix Yip

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拍品專文

From the 1920s to 1930s, Wang Jiyuan was an established oil painter and watercolourist in Shanghai. He participated in many activities in the Shanghai painting circle, actively popularizing the watercolour art and canvas art. He had taken up the post as professor and dean of studies in Western Painting at the Shanghai College of Fine Arts for about twelve years. In 1920, he joined the Tien Ma Society in Shanghai, an organization to promote Western style painting. In 1927, he founded Yi Yuan Painting Research Institute. Wang's efforts in exploring and promoting art had been widely praised in art circle. For example, he recommended Chen Cheng-Po to teach in Shanghai, and then helped Pan Yuliang organize 'China's First Female Solo Exhibition'. From then on, the name Pan Yuliang became well-known and was engaged by Xu Beihong to be lecturer at Central University's art department. In 1940, he left China for U.S.A. during the Sino-Japanese war, and established the School of Chinese Brushwork to promote Chinese watercolour painting and calligraphy. This Day sale presents a series of rare paintings in Chinese brush ink and watercolour by Wang which displays Wang's considerable facility with the medium.

Wang's colour ink paintings are simple and vivacious, and the compositions are delicate and lively. Although his landscape paintings are not large in scale, he has managed to use the composition to accentuate the monumentality of mountain ranges. For example, in Mountain Seclusion, Soft White Clouds Hanging Around High Mountains and Waterside Seclusion (Lot 1380), he creates tiny scenes with figures and architectures to imply the spectacular view. The rolling mountains that seemingly extends beyond the picture frame also makes viewers believe the dynamism of their imposing manner. The sensation of "overlooking the autumn clouds, my spirit flies, facing the spring winds, my mind roams" comes out naturally. In his book Oriental Brushwork, Wang specifically mentions Soft White Clouds Hanging Around High Mountains. The cliffs and the cascade in between are created to guide viewers to imagine the more distant scenery. This is the major difference between the Chinese landscape paintings and that of the West: artists of Chinese landscape paintings would not rigidly adhere to realistic space but emphasize on the reconstruction of the entirety of the landscapes and the delivery of the messages implied.

On the other hand, Riverside Village, Waterfall, Cherry Trees and Summer Magnolia feature a closer view. In Cherry Trees and Summer Magnolia (Lot 1381), meticulous depiction, colouring and wash techniques are applied; the colouring is elegant, and the branches are modeled in mogu style (colouring without contour lines) with areas applied in feibai strokes (leaving spots not covered with ink) which enhance the vigor. Wang has departed from the traditional composition of birds and flowers paintings, reminding viewers of the "decentralization" of the Western Abstraction. The Riverside Village and Waterfall, however, is reminiscent of the "corner-landscape" of the Southern Song, that no longer emphasizes the completeness of landscape. The featured partial views of landscapes are the inner world that Wang desires to express: The key is not to express the details but to convey the vision and to reveal the artist's temperament and spirit.

Besides landscape paintings, the refined flowers and still life with fruits endowed with literati interest and taste are also Wang's frequently painted subject matters. White Flowers, Blossoms in Vase, Floral Chorus, Water Lily Blooming and Pond Splendor (Lot 1382) have respectively shown the different faces of flowers. To the Chinese, the term of "life drawing" means the mastery of "life" as well as "liveliness". The handling of light and shadow and the refinement of details are not the focus of a painting. Rather, artists would repetitively observe the objects, study their forms and inherent qualities, and then accurately depict their images. It has been a usual practice for the literati-painters to entrust the subject matters with meanings. For example, the purity of lotus flower and the painter's inscription of "delicacy" are full of symbolic meanings. The characteristic of the flower is used as a metaphor for the value praised by the artist. Fruit Basket and San Francisco (Lot 1379) are Wang's small artistic creations. Still life and landscape are the artist's frequent subject matters. With his skilled control of the water level in his medium, Wang demonstrate dexterity in both of his watercolour and Chinese ink paintings in which he achieves a multi-layering visual effect.

更多來自 中國二十世紀藝術 日間拍賣

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