Horseshoeback armchairs of this type are represented in many public and private collections. The major distinguishing feature, other than the form of these chairs, is the decorative carving usually found on the splat and the apron. For a discussion of this design, see R. H. Ellsworth, Chinese Furniture: Hardwood Examples of the Ming and Early Ch'ing Dynasty, New York, 1971, pp. 86-7, and Wang Shixiang, Connoisseurship of Chinese Furniture: Ming and Early Qing Dynasties, Hong Kong, 1990, pp. 43-5.