TANG ZHIGANG
唐志岡

中國童話

細節
唐志岡
中國童話
油彩 畫布
2005年作
簽名︰Tang

不論那一個年代,軍備和軍紀與國家的國際地位的息息相關,國家因此對軍人的形象也竭力保護。在中國,自1942年,毛澤東下令以「工、農、兵」為主要藝術創作來源後,軍人形象更被塑造成「高、大、紅」的人民英雄,充滿血腥的戰爭在繪畫中只見光輝、勝利。自80年代,我們開始從唐志岡這位在軍中生活超過20年的藝術家的筆下,找到了「不同」的中國軍人形象。唐氏畫中的軍人在茶館喝茶、抽煙、看報,在醫務室裡看病、洗瞼刷牙打水。雖說這些軍人形象是「不同」,事實上唐志岡這些近距離觀察軍人的描寫,只不過是軍人牛鮮為人知的一面,或是一直被壓抑、被禁止在藝術上表現的一面。

1996年,唐志岡開始繪畫一系列「成人會議」,把軍中生活馬拉松式會議入畫,表現了會議參加者人在心不在的空洞、無聊狀態。到了1999年,「成人會議」演化出「兒童開會」。從「成人」變成「兒童」,藝術家曾自述「一般人問起為什麼畫『兒童開會』,我通常的回答是因為在此之前的大人開會有人會對號入座,甚至找麻煩。」唐氏雖然簡單地以避免「麻煩」來解釋「兒童開會」的誕生,事實上「兒童開會」把「成人開會」系列中想要表達的內在精神面貌更尖銳、更一針見血地通過幽默諷刺的形式表現。

本次春拍呈獻的《兒童開會》(Lot 1377)中,三個穿上墨綠色軍服的兩、三歲小孩,坐在鋪上紅色桌布的長桌後,會議桌上的米高鋒、白瓷杯都延續了「成人開會」的場景,也是中國社會一個時代的象徵。值得注意是掛在牆上的大白布。這個布幕或是布簾早於1992年《啊》、1996年《馬》已經出現,把「內」與「外」、「私人」與「公眾」空間分隔出來。到了「成人開會」,布幕成了戶外會議場地用作分隔會議參加者和平民的工具。視覺上,布幕是一個間隔空間的工具,諷刺的是無法隔音。事實上,布幕分隔的不止是空間,而是人與人之間的心靈。看似是討論改進人民生活的會議,卻是一場權力的展示。而《兒童開會》中掛在牆上的布幕賦予了多一重意義。布幕似是影樓上的背景,增加了畫面會議的戲劇感。會議場地佈置得再迫真,也只不過是一場戲,諷刺中國政治會議也是一場又一場集體公演的戲劇。

畫作中小孩發自內心、天真無邪的表情和開會這個成熟的題材格格不入;嚴肅的軍服穿在心智還未成熟的小孩上成了無聲的諷刺。散落在地上的皮球、玩具車透露了貪玩的兒童特質。桌前空空的椅子表現了冷落的會議,預備了演講稿的會議主持似乎只有身旁兩個心不在弦的聽眾。

「早期作品到頭了,它是可以療傷的、自慰的、踏實的。現在的作品是讓人擔心的,不自信的,望不到邊的,每天都想著怎樣向四周拓展。」—唐志岡自述 (2004)

「兒童開會」系列令人看了都發笑,可是如著名當代藝術策展人張頌仁指出:「如果被笑謔的官僚架構是受觀眾贊同的,也笑得不痛快。」「兒童開會」表達了唐志岡對政治、社會的憂慮,慢慢地這種不安從社會擴展至人生,發展出「中國童話」系列。此幅《中國童話》(Lot 1378)中,唐志岡把小孩安置在危險的狀況,好奇的小孩獨自留在海灘上。赤裸的小孩捨棄了玩具汽車,蹣跚地步向大海,似乎尋找到比玩具更吸引的新事物。孩提時期的大無畏精神通過《中國童話》表露無遺。童話故事雖然都是虛構的,但卻在人類文化中永恆地流傳。唐志岡以「中國童話」命名此創作系列,或許指出畫作中所表達的勇氣,雖如童話般一代一代被傳留,卻深深懷疑其真確性。如果人類是「永遠長不大」,那麼這時期的勇氣或能保留。唐志岡從嚴肅的政治會議背景,過度至《中國童話》中色彩明快、簡煉的戶外背景,延續以乍看來幽默、可愛的場面,帶出深入的哲學問題。

拍場告示
Please note that Lot 1378 is additionally signed and dated on the reverse.

拍品專文

Near and far, countries guard against the image of their military, always ready to hold in their grip the profile of military armament and discipline that registers their international status. China sees no exception; and since 1942 when Mao Zedong designated "soldiers, workers and peasants" as the major theme of art, the public image of military men was molded more or less in the same way - some "tall, imposing and red" proletariat heroes. What people saw in paintings, then, are only the beams of victory amidst bloodshed and war. Since 1980s a military image "at odds" emerged under the paintbrush of Tang Zhigang, an artist dwelled in the military tank for more than 20 years. In his paintings soldiers linger in teahouse, drinking, smoking, and reading newspapers. They go to the infirmary; they wash faces, brush teeth and fetch water. These images, though "at odds", are but a close shot of the private, hidden lives of the soldiers, or say the suppressed, forbidden descriptions of these men in art.

Tang got ahead with his Adults in Meeting series in 1996, which features the marathon meetings in the army and the inattentive attendants who apparently feel bored and aimless. In 1999 the Adults in Meeting evolves into the Children in Meeting series, and the artist, in response to the remodeling, remarked: "When asked about the motive behind the working of 'Children in Meeting', my normal reply is to avoid someone fitting himself into the criticism, if there is any, or even worse, hassling me for this cause." Even though Tang accounts for the birth of Children in Meeting by such simple note of avoiding trouble, it is evident that the "Children" series fleshes out what the "Adults" conveys, and expresses more trenchantly the embedded spiritual tenor through a humorous, ironical discourse.

Children in Meeting (Lot 1377), a work of Tang featured in this spring sale, portrays the scene where three children in dark green military uniform sit behind a workbench with red cloth. In front of the two or three-year-olds are the microphone and the white porcelain cups that, echoing the setting of the "Adults" series, remind us of the Chinese society of the time. Still more noteworthy, the large white cloth hanging behind the children has its presence in Tang's earlier works: in Ar (1992) and Horse (1996) it separates the "internal" and "external", "private" and "public" spaces; later in Adults in Meeting series it separates the official attendants and the civilians in outdoor meeting. The cloth is a visual partition of spaces - it is, indeed, a partition of human souls. Hardly soundproof, it signifies a pageant of power disguised as a discussion on the People's welfare. In Children in Meeting the white cloth assumes yet another implication: it backs the centerpiece just like the backdrop of a stage or a studio, adding a tint of theatricality to the picture and hence an innuendo on China's political meeting: however real the setting seems, the meeting is no more than a performance - a collective one in China's case, which stages endless showings.

Looking genuinely innocent and na?ve, the facial expressions of the children seem out of place in the theme of political meeting; the military uniform worn by these little ones becomes, for its solemnity, a soundless satire. Scattering on the ground, the ball and toy car reveal the infantile love of fun, and the empty bleacher makes plain the lack of partisan for the meeting. A child prepared his speech to no avail, except perhaps the two wandering minds on his sides.

"My earlier works are sincere and "good", and my present ones are "successful". My earlier works have served their purpose; they are healing, soothing and down-to-earth. My present works are worrisome, unconfident and unsure as to where they may lead. Every day I think about further expansion." - Children in Meeting, Tang Zhigang (2004)
The Children in Meeting series certainly provokes laughter, but as Johnson Chang, the renowned curator and art critic, comments, "it will not elicit hearty laughter if the bureaucracy under farce is well received." The series expresses Tang's anxiety over political and social reality, an anxiety that stretches from the societal realm to that about life and existence, which are highlighted in the Chinese Fairytale series. In Chinese Fairytale (Lot 1377) the artist leaves a toddler roaming in a dangerous environment, the seaside. The curious boy, naked and unattended, casts aside his toy car and stumbles to the sea, seemingly in search for something new and more interesting. Through Chinese Fairytale the bond between youth and fearlessness is substantiated. Fairytale is all together fictional and everlasting in human culture. The name of this series demonstrates how the bravery revealed is inherited and yet doubtful. If human never grows, then perhaps our innate courage can sustain. Passing from the solemn backdrop of political meetings to the bright and simple outdoor scene in Chinese Fairytale, Tang lays his archetypal motif on the line: to scrutinize the profound philosophical questions against a supposedly humorous and lovely background.

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