Lot Essay
'Ali Ashraf was trained by the master Muhammad Zaman. It has been suggested that his signature 'zi ba'd-i Muhammad 'ali ashraf ast' (After Muhammad, 'Ali is most noble), is a mark of respect to his former master Muhammad Zaman. A book binding signed by 'Ali Ashraf in the Khalili collection dated to AH 1168/1754-5 AD is very similar (Nasser D. Khalili, B.W. Robinson and Tim Stanley, Lacquer of the Islamic Lands, vol.I, London, 1996, pl.63, p.96).